POLYVINYL ALCOHOL

POLYVINYL ALCOHOL

POLYVINYL ALCOHOL

CAS Number: 9002-89-5
Molecular Formula: C2H4O
Molecular Weight: 44.05

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a colourless, water-soluble synthetic resin employed principally in the treating of textiles and paper.
PVA is unique among polymers (chemical compounds made up of large, multiple-unit molecules) in that Polyvinyl alcohol is not built up in polymerization reactions from single-unit precursor molecules known as monomers.
Instead, PVA is made by dissolving another polymer, polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), in an alcohol such as methanol and treating it with an alkaline catalyst such as sodium hydroxide.
The resulting hydrolysis, or “alcoholysis,” reaction removes the acetate groups from the PVAc molecules without disrupting their long-chain structure.

When the reaction is allowed to proceed to completion, the product is highly soluble in water and insoluble in practically all organic solvents.
Incomplete removal of the acetate groups yields resins less soluble in water and more soluble in certain organic liquids.

PVA is used in sizing agents that give greater strength to textile yarns and make paper more resistant to oils and greases.
Polyvinyl alcohol is also employed as a component of adhesives and emulsifiers, as a water-soluble protective film, and as a starting material for the preparation of other resins.
By reaction with butyraldehyde (CH3CH2CH2CHO) and formaldehyde (CH2O), PVA can be made into the resins polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and polyvinyl formal (PVF).
PVB, a tough, clear, adhesive, and water-resistant plastic film, is widely used in laminated safety glass, primarily for automobiles. PVF is used in wire insulation.

Polyvinyl alcohol is used for mounting cells on slides for detection of cell-surface antigens by immunofluorescence.
Polyvinyl alcohol is useful as an anti-fading agent.
Polyvinyl alcohol has various pharmaceuticle applications, In tablet coatings, for example, it protects the tablet from environmental humidity, in eye drops it moistens the eye, and in cell fermentation processes Polyvinyl Alcohol prevents bubble rupture to protect cells from shearing.
Polyvinyl alcohol is used in textile sizing, adhesives, polymerization aids, and paper coatings.

Poly(vinyl acetate), or PVA for short, is one of those low-profile behind-the-scenes polymers.
Polyvinyl alcohol isn’t blatantly obvious where it’s found, as is the case with polyethylene or polystyrene. PVA likes to hide. 
But Polyvinyl alcohol’s everywhere, if you’re willing to look for it.
Polyvinyl alcohol’s a polymer that rewards one who is willing to look beyond the surface.
One place PVA can be found hiding is between two pieces of wood that are glued together.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH, PVA, or PVAl) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer.
Polyvinyl alcohol has the idealized formula [CH2CH(OH)]n.

Description of Polyvinyl alcohol:
Polyvinyl alcohol for food use is an odourless and tasteless, translucent, white or cream colored granularpowder.
Polyvinyl alcohol is soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, but insoluble in other organic solvents. 
Typicallya 5% solution of polyvinyl alcohol exhibits a pH in the range of 5.0 to 6.5. 

Uses of Polyvinyl alcohol
Polyvinyl alcohol is widely used to strengthen textile yarn and papers, particularly to make the latter more resilient to oils and grease.
Polyvinyl alcohol is also used in freshwater sports fishing.
PVA is added into bags that are filled with oil-based or dry fishing bait and attached to the hook.
As PVA is soluble in water, when the bag lands on the bed of the water, Polyvinyl alcohol breaks down, leaving the hook bait surrounded by pellets and ground bait.
This attracts fish to the hook bait, although the PVA does cause the plastic to dissolve in water.

PVA may also be used as a coating agent for food supplements and does not pose any health risks as it is not poisonous.
One of the leading industrial uses for PVA is for food packaging, accounting for 31.4 percent of the global share in 2016.
To combat moisture formation from foodstuff, PVA film is created to be thin and water-resistant.
Polyvinyl alcohols crosslinking density and resistance to moisture are added benefits to its usability in this area.

Polyvinyl alcohol is a resin, a natural or synthetic organic compound made of non-crystalline or viscous substance.
Hence, Polyvinyl alcohol is often utilized as the starting point for the creation of other resins such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyvinyl formal (PVF).
PVB has an adhesive quality and is a water-resistant, plastic film, which is often used to laminate safety glass for vehicles. PVF is commonly used to insulate wires.

Polyvinyl alcohol is also interesting to note that in another growing market, the pharmaceutical market, use of polyvinyl alcohol for coating of medicinal tablets is quite prominent.
Polyvinyl alcohols various chemical properties have shown the benefit of its use in health applications, and in particular in pharmaceutics.
However, extensive experimentation and pharmaceutical use of PVA/PVOH has been limited due to regulations on food and drugs.

Polyvinyl alcohol is a synthetic polymer, which is a substance made up of many, many molecules all strung together. 
It starts its life as ethylene, a natural gaseous hormone given off by plants that causes the fruit to ripen.
In this case, the ethylene is synthetically produced (but nature identical), then turned into vinyl acetate through a chemical reaction with oxygen and acetic acid (in diluted form known as vinegar), then polymerized (bonded to form repeating molecules) and then dissolved in alcohol to become a water-soluble polymer.

Polyvinyl alcohol has a meltingpoint of 180 to 190°C.
Polyvinyl alcohol has a molecular weight of between 26,300 and 30,000, and a degree of hydrolysisof 86.5 to 89%.
Polyvinyl alcohol is used in papermaking, textile warp sizing, as a thickener and emulsion stabilizer in PVAc adhesive formulations, in a variety of coatings, and 3D printing.
Polyvinyl alcohol is colourless (white) and odorless. 
Polyvinyl alcohol is commonly supplied as beads or as solutions in water

Uses fo Polyvinyl alcohol:
PVA is used in a variety of medical applications because of its biocompatibility, low tendency for protein adhesion, and low toxicity.
Specific uses include cartilage replacements, contact lenses, and eye drops.
Polyvinyl alcohol is used as an aid in suspension polymerizations.
Polyvinyl alcohols largest application in China is its use as a protective colloid to make polyvinyl acetate dispersions.
In Japan Polyvinyl alcohols major use is the production of Vinylon fiber.
Polyvinyl alcohol is also manufactured in North Korea for self-sufficiency reasons, because no oil is required to produce it.
Another application of Polyvinyl alcohol is photographic film.

Nowadays PVA-based polymers are being used widely in additive manufacturing.
Polyvinyl alcohol is possible to create drug-loaded tablets with modified drug-release characteristics where PVA is used as a binder substance.
Medically, Polyvinyl alcohol may also used as the embolic agent in a Uterine Fibroid Embolectomy (UFE)

Polyvinyl acetals:
Polyvinyl acetals are prepared by treating PVA with aldehydes. 
Butyraldehyde and formaldehyde afford polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and polyvinyl formal (PVF), respectively.
Preparation of polyvinyl butyral is the largest use for polyvinyl alcohol in the U.S. and Western Europe.

Preparation of Polyvinyl alcohol:
Unlike most vinyl polymers, PVA is not prepared by polymerization of the corresponding monomer, since the monomer, vinyl alcohol, is thermodynamically unstable with respect to its tautomerization to acetaldehyde.
Instead, PVA is prepared by hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate, or sometimes other vinyl ester-derived polymers with formate or chloroacetate groups instead of acetate.
The conversion of the polyvinyl esters is usually conducted by base-catalysed transesterification with ethanol:
[CH2CH(OAc)]n + C2H5OH → [CH2CH(OH)]n + C2H5OAc
The properties of the polymer are affected by the degree of transesterification.

Structure and properties of Polyvinyl alcohol:
PVA is an atactic material that exhibits crystallinity. 
In terms of microstructure, it is composed mainly of 1,3-diol linkages [−CH2−CH(OH)−CH2−CH(OH)−], but a few percent of 1,2-diols [−CH2−CH(OH)−CH(OH)−CH2−] occur, depending on the conditions for the polymerization of the vinyl ester precursor.

Polyvinyl alcohol has excellent film-forming, emulsifying and adhesive properties.
Polyvinyl alcohol is also resistant to oil, grease and solvents.
Polyvinyl alcohol has high tensile strength and flexibility, as well as high oxygen and aroma barrier properties.
However, these properties are dependent on humidity: water absorbed at higher humidity levels acts as a plasticiser, which reduces the polymer’s tensile strength, but increases its elongation and tear strength.

Density: 1.19–1.31 g/cm3
Melting point: 200 °C (392 °F; 473 K)
log P: 0.26
Refractive index(nD): 1.477 @ 632 nm
Flash point: 79.44 °C (174.99 °F; 352.59 K)

History of Polyvinyl alcohol:
Discovered in 1924 by a Nobel Laureate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) resin was  developed and commercialized three decades later by Japanese chemical manufacturer, Kuraray.
Polyvinyl alcohol first gained notoriety in 1989 when PVOH film was used to package pesticides in unit-dose, water-soluble pouches that protected farmers from accidental chemical exposure.
This concept then revolutionized the cleaning industry, where single-use laundry and dishwasher detergent packets and tablets  offered consumers significantly improved convenience, safety and sustainability.

Current Uses of Polyvinyl alcohol:
PVOH is safe and environmentally friendly.
Beyond the popular laundry and detergent packets, Polyvinyl alcohol is used in many household, medical, personal care and industrial applications, including  food packaging, textile yarns, paper products, unit- dose pharmaceuticals, water treatment chemicals, “artificial tears” used to treat dry eyes, contact lens lubricants, transfer printing, agrochemicals, embroidery and dust abatement.

Food-grade versions of the film are used to deliver pre-measured quantities of rice, pasta, cocoa seasoning and nutritional supplements.
For example, in the US market, the material is being used to create packets that contain doses of whey protein powder, favoured by fitness enthusiasts for building lean muscle mass.
The pre-measured packets make Polyvinyl alcohol easier and more convenient to simply drop the protein into a shaker bottle with water or milk, mix and drink.
This ensures the correct amount of protein is used with no waste or mess.
Other grades of PVOH film are used in manufacturing processes, such as mould release film in the production of solid surface countertops and reinforced composites.

Polymer Properties of Polyvinyl alcohol:
The use of PVOH is governed by its polymer properties:
-Excellent gas barrier/oxygen barrier
-Film is inherently static dissipative (barrier bags for electronics sensitive to ESD)
-Barrier to oils grease and solvents (allowing unit-dosing and packaging of materials that would destroy other plastics)
-Solubility in water: unit dosing of agricultural chemicals; swimming pool and spa chemicals; personal care items, such as shampoo, conditioner, soap, body wash, hair bleach, lotions and concentrates that can be used as refills and home-mixed water and pre-measured foods or supplements that are mixed or cooked in water.
-Controlled solubility, such as laundry bags in hospitals used to hold contaminated linens, clothing and surgical instruments and triggered to dissolve at high washing temperatures
-Printable and requires no corona treatment
-Odour and perfume barrier properties suited for unit-dose cosmetics
-Injection and blow mouldable: can be used in pharmaceutical capsules for human or animal ingestion, a non-animal-derived gelatin replacement

Depending on the grade and environmental humidity conditions, PVOH contains water at 3-10%. 
Therefore, Polyvinyl alcohol can be used to hold products with water content in the same range without dissolving or creating holes in the film packaging. 
Shelf life and storage conditions are taken into account as part of the film selection and compatibility testing process.  
Pool and spa water treatment chemicals, for example, are tested to simulate storage in an outdoor garage for up to two years.

PVOH film has many distinctive and useful properties.
Polyvinyl alcohol exhibits excellent tensile strength and elongation.
Polyvinyl alcohol has one of the best oxygen barriers known to science, making Polyvinyl alcohol ideal for preventing food spoilage.
Polyvinyl alcohol also provides a superior barrier to oil grease and solvents, which can damage, adhere to or bleed-through other substrates.

Typical PVOH properties are:
Tensile strength at a break of 30-100MPa
Elongation at a break of 100-600%
Oxygen transmission (38micron,0%RH) of 0.2-5cm3/day/m2/bar

However, most impressive are its biodegradable credentials.
PVOH in solution simply breaks down into carbon dioxide and water when consumed by any of the 55 acclimated organisms found in municipal wastewater treatment or activated sludge.
In most water-soluble applications, such as laundry unit-dose, PVOH film is readily or inherently biodegradable as measured by OECD 301B criteria.

PVOH is currently used in recycling paper and cardboard and is added to the slurry to enhance the process.
Because of its solubility, it does not contaminate recycling streams for other materials as it evacuates in the rinse process. 

Processing of PVOH
Vinyl alcohol-based thermoplastics are injection mouldable and extrudable while retaining water solubility and biodegradability.
The uses and potential of being able to injection mould PVOH are again governed by PVOHs many unique properties.

The dissipative, nontoxic and water-soluble properties of PVOH, for example, allow PVOH to be used for the manufacture of pharmaceutical capsules.
This provides an alternative to gelatine capsules that can have issues relating to static during manufacture.
Polyvinyl alcohol also provides improved controlled release of active ingredients and a capsule that cannot be easily altered, offering greater protection to malicious tampering.

The innovation in recent moulding processes opens up the possibilities for complex, multi- treatments and staged release capsules.
Such uses are possible, because unlike more conventional polymers, PVOH is suitable for human ingestion in food and ingestion by the Federal Drug Association.
The veterinary industry also uses PVOH technology to develop fast-acting, anti-worming treatments where novel single-use delivery systems are used.

The unique mouldable and extrudable properties of PVOH could, for example, be used for novel controlled release of aroma therapy formulations.
This could be achieved via the wall thickness of the moulding, which could be designed to dissolve over a set time, releasing the active ingredient of the treatment.

The potential of utilising moulded parts made from PVOH is in its infancy and limited only by ones imagination.
For instance, the biodegradable  properties of PVOH could provide a more environmentally responsible alternative to plastic and board shotgun cartridges and wads, which would provide a more environmentally responsible solution.
In this scenario, the discarded case and wad could simply be allowed to biodegrade naturally.
Since PVOH is both mouldable and extrudable Polyvinyl alcohol is possible to imagine combining injection moulded components with thermoformed cavities, creating endless possibilities in the medical and pharmaceutical industry.

Recyclability of PVOH
PVOH has an affinity with other plastic materials.
As such, it can be thermoformed with other thermoformable polymers, allowing segregation in a recycling process.
The material can replace other barrier polymers to enhance the overall biodegradability of composite packaging.
PVOH also combines well with paper and corrugated packages to provide an internal vapour barrier or to dissipate static electricity.
Water-soluble labels made from PVOH can be attached as labels to other plastic bottles and be simply washed off at the end of the bottle’s life.
The labels are also biodegradable in municipal wastewater.

The Future Role of PVOH
Water-soluble PVOH manufacturing is complex and requires considerable investment and technical expertise to produce  resins that demonstrate the desired characteristics.
However, in the last five years, there have been a substantial increase in new patent applications for PVOH resins and films.

Some of these patents describe combining PVOH with biodegradable materials, such as moulded pulp, to provide barrier packaging that is completely biodegradable.
Others focus on  harnessing PVOHs unique thermoforming characteristics to combine with other plastic materials, creating a multifunctional package that facilitates the recycling process.

The packaging industry is a significant user of plastic polymers with an annual spend of around £970 billion.
Historically, it has been extremely resistant to change.
Most recently,  however, public attention and pressure to tackle global packaging pollution levels, from materials such as single-use plastics, has pushed brand owners to look for innovative materials, delivery systems and commercial models.

Like most traditional polymers, PVOH is fossil-based, but there are bio-based synthesis routes available, as well as options to combine it with complementary materials.
With an engineering resin price that is often two times that of commodity packaging materials, consumers have shown a willingness, in some instances, to pay a premium for more sustainable products.
This is a prime area for research and development, where more time can be spent evaluating the exciting potential of PVOH.
The current trends in sustainability and plastic pollution and the new advances in polymer synthesis make this an ideal time for us to reconsider this versatile material.

General description of Polyvinyl alcohol:
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) is a hydrophilic linear polymer which forms copolymers of vinyl alcohol and vinyl acetate.
Hence, the structural properties of polyvinyl alcohol polymers depend on the extent of polymerization and hydrolysis.
Such changes cause both chemical and physical modifications such as esterification, etherification, crystallization, ion-polymer complexation in the polymer.
Modified- PVOH structures are useful in biomedical applications.

Applications of Polyvinyl alcohol:
NaA zeolite particles have been dispersed in a poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix to prepare a mixed-matrix membrane to study the pervaporative separation of water-butanol mixtures.
Poly (vinyl alcohol)/gelatin based biocompatible polymeric scaffolds have been used to design for 3D cancer models.

Polyvinyl alcohol, also known as PVOH, PVA, or PVAL, is a synthetic polymer that is soluble in water. It is effective in film forming, emulsifying, and has an adhesive quality.
Polyvinyl alcohol has no odor and is not toxic, and is resistant to grease, oils, and solvents.
Polyvinyl alcohol is ductile but strong, flexible, and functions as a high oxygen and aroma barrier.

Creating Polyvinyl alcohol:
There are two ways in which the 4% aqueous solution of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) may be created.
The first uses a conventional heating method, the second uses the microwave heating method.
The latter is easier to conduct and is less time-consuming.
Once the 4% PVA solution is made, it can last between 6 and 8 weeks.
Generally, Polyvinyl alcohol is advisable to refrigerate this solution, which supports the growth of bacteria.
When making the Polyvinyl alcohol solution, Polyvinyl alcohol is recommended to use tap water, as bacteria grows faster in PVA containing distilled water.

By annealing amorphous PVA films above 85°C, the glass transition temperature, semi-crystalline films of PVA were prepared.
This allowed macromolecules to form crystallites, stabilizing the films and inducing a chemically cross-linked behavior.

PVA has oodles of uses from strengthening textile yarns and making paper more grease and oil resistant to creating children’s play slime and contact lens lubricant (yes, it’s safe enough to go in your eyes!). 
We use it to create the water-soluble, single-size pod packages that hold our dishwasher, oxy-boost and laundry formulas
People love cleaning pods – what’s not to love?! 
These pods (aka “packs”) streamline cleaning, which is always a good thing! 

But, in this case, all it takes to make doing laundry and dishes a little easier is a convenient pack of pre-measured detergent. 
We chose to encase our detergent in PVA because it’s strong, colorless, odorless, biodegradable and non-toxic!
PVA is sometimes confused with polyvinyl acetate (aka PVA or PVAc – a wood glue), an easy enough mistake to make given they sometimes go by the same acronym. 
PVA is also sometimes thought to be related to polyvinyl chloride (aka PVC – the poison plastic). 
We wanted to make it clear that even though they all contain the word “polyvinyl” and are all types of polymers, they are all indeed very different substances.

XLogP3-AA: 0.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Exact Mass: 44.026214747
Monoisotopic Mass: 44.026214747
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count:3
Complexity: 10.3
Isotope Atom Count:0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count:  0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes

PVA is used to make wood glues, as well as other adhesives.
Paper and textiles often have coatings made of PVA and other ingredients to make them shiny.
PVA is a vinyl polymer, as if you couldn’t guess from the name.
Polyvinyl alcohol’s made by free radical vinyl polymerization of the monomer vinyl acetate.

Summary of Polyvinyl alcohol:
Polyvinyl alcohol (CAS no. 9002-89-5) was placed on the agenda of the 61st JECFA. 
Polyvinyl alcoholwas first prepared by Hermann and Haehnel in 1924 by hydrolyzing polyvinyl acetate in ethanol withpotassium hydroxide.
Polyvinyl alcohol is produced commercially from polyvinyl acetate, usually by acontinuous process. 
The acetate groups are hydrolyzed by ester interchange with methanol in the presenceof anhydrous sodium methylate or aqueous sodium hydroxide.
The physical characteristics and its specificfunctional uses depend on the degree of polymerization and the degree of hydrolysis.
Polyvinyl alcohol isclassified into two classes namely: partially hydrolyzed and fully hydrolyzed. 
Partially hydrolyzed PVAis used in the foods.
Polyvinyl alcohol is an odorless and tasteless, translucent, white or cream colored granular powder. 
Polyvinyl alcohol isused as a moisture barrier film for food supplement tablets and for foods that contain inclusions or dry foodwith inclusions that need to be protected from moisture uptake.
Polyvinyl alcohol is not known to occur as a natural product.

Manufacturing of Polyvinyl alcohol:
The primary raw material used in the manufacture of polyvinyl alcohol is vinyl acetate monomer.
Polyvinyl alcohol ismanufactured by the polymerization of vinyl acetate followed by partial hydrolysis.
The process ofhydrolysis is based on the partial replacement of ester group in vinyl acetate with the hydroxyl group, andis completed in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide.
Following gradual addition of the aqueoussaponification agent.
Polyvinyl alcohol is precipitated, washed and dried.
The degree of hydrolysis isdetermined by the time point at which the saponification reaction is stopped.

Synonyms
Ethenol
POLYVINYL ALCOHOL
VINYL ALCOHOL
9002-89-5
Hydroxyethene
Hydroxyethylene
Ethenol, homopolymer
Poly(vinyl alcohol)
Gohsenol
Polyviol
Elvanol
Mowiol
Poval
vinylalcohol
557-75-5
Alcotex 17F-H
Alkotex
Gelvatol
Rhodoviol
EINECS 209-183-3
E1203
Polydesis
Polyvinol
Vinalak
Vinarol
Vinarole
Alvyl
Covol
Lemol
MFCD00081922
Gohsenol GH
Lamephil OJ
Sloviol R
Kuralon VP
Vinacol MH
Vinarol DT
Vinarol ST
Aracet APV
Enbra OV
Gtohsenol GL 05
Polysizer 173
Cipoviol W 72
Gohsenol AH 22
Gohsenol GH 17
Gohsenol GH 20
Gohsenol GH 23
Gohsenol GL 03
Gohsenol GL 05
Gohsenol GL 08
Gohsenol GM 14
Gohsenol GM 14L
Gohsenol GM 94
Gohsenol KH 17
Gohsenol MG 14
Gohsenol NH 05
Gohsenol NH 17
Gohsenol NH 18
Gohsenol NH 20
Gohsenol NH 26
Gohsenol NL 05
Gohsenol NM 14
Vinavilol 2-98
Elvanol T 25
Gosenol KH-17
Sumitex H 10
Gelvatol 1-30
Gelvatol 1-60
Gelvatol 1-90
Gelvatol 2060
Gelvatol 2090
Gelvatol 3-91
Gohsenol N 300
Gohsenol NM 114
Kurare Poval 120
Kurare 217
Rhodoviol 4/125
Elvanol 5105
Gelvatol 20-30
Kurare PVA 205
Rhodoviol 4-125P
Kurare Poval 1700
Lemol GF-60
Poval 205SPoval 217S
Poval C 17
Elvanol 51-05G
Elvanol 52-22G
Elvanol 73125G
Alcotex 88/05
Alcotex 88/10
Alcotex 99/10
Covol 971
Elvanol 50-42
Elvanol 52-22
Elvanol 70-05
Elvanol 71-30
Elvanol 90-50
Mowiol 4-88
Poval 117
Poval 120
Poval 203
Poval 205
Poval 217
Poval 420
Rhodoviol 16/200
Vinyl alcohol, polymers
Elvanol 522-22
Mowiol 26-88
Polyviol W 28/20
Rhodoviol R 16/20
Lemol 5-88
Lemol 5-98
Poval 1700
Polyviol MO 5/140
Mowiol N 30-88
Mowiol N 50-98
Mowiol N 50/88
Mowiol N 70-98
Lemol 12-88
Lemol 16-98
Lemol 24-98
Lemol 30-98
Lemol 51-98Lemol 60-98
Lemol 75-98
Polyviol M 13/140
Polyviol W 25/140
Polyviol W 40/140
GLO 5
PVS 4
Poly(vinyl alcohol), 98% hydrolyzed, approx. M.W. 13,000
polyvinylalcohol
Vinol
Poly(vinyl alcohol), 88% hydrolyzed, average M.W. 20000-30000
Poly(vinyl alcohol), 99-100% hydrolyzed, approx. M.W. 124,000
Poly(vinyl alcohol), 88% hydrolyzed, average M.W. 145,000-180,000
Poly(vinyl alcohol), 88% hydrolyzed, average M.W. 85,000-120,000
Poly(vinyl alcohol), 87.0-89.0% hydrolyzed, M.W. approx. 13,000-23,000
Poly(vinyl alcohol), 87.0-89.0% hydrolyzed, M.W. approx. 31,000-50,000
Poly(vinyl alcohol), 92.0-94.0% hydrolyzed,M.W. approx. 146,000-186,000
Poly(vinyl alcohol), 95.5-96.5% hydrolyzed, M.W. approx. 85,000-124,000
Poly(vinyl alcohol), 98.0%-98.8% hydrolyzed, M.W. approx. 50,000-85,000
Poly(vinyl alcohol), 98.0-98.8% hydrolyzed, M.W. approx. 31,000-50,000
Poly(vinyl alcohol), 98.0-98.8% hydrolyzed,M.W. approx. 146,000-186,000
PVA 008
GH 20
GL 02
GL 03
GM 14
NH 18
NM 11
NM 14
PVAL 45/02
PVAL 55/12
Gohsenol NL05
Warcopolymer A 20
EP 160
Vinyl alcohol polymer
FH 1500
Vinylon Film 2000
Vinylon Film 3000
Vinol 125
Vinol 205
Vinol 351
Vinol 523
CH2=CHOH
Polyvinylacetate, hydrolyzed
M 13/20
Vinylon Film VF-A 2500
CHEMBL76101
O[C]=C
DTXSID8051467
BDBM50473787
NSC108129
VPB 105-2
AKOS006229012
NSC-108129
K618
DS-002731
FT-0688082
15557-EP2272849A1
15557-EP2305683A1
15557-EP2311839A1
15557-EP2314584A1
15557-EP2314589A1
15557-EP2316837A1
148692-EP2289896A1
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (Fully hydrolyzed-Low M.Wt.)
Q409591
Q27120718
Polyvinyl alcohol, 86-89% hydrolyzed, low molecular weight
Polyvinyl alcohol, 98-99% hydrolyzed, low molecular weight
Polyvinyl alcohol, 86-89% hydrolyzed, medium molecular weight
Polyvinyl alcohol, 87-89% hydrolyzed, high molecular weight
Polyvinyl alcohol, 98-99% hydrolyzed, high molecular weight
Polyvinyl alcohol, 98-99% hydrolyzed, medium molecular weight
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (Fully hydrolyzed-very Low M.Wt.) MW 7.000-10.000
Poly(vinyl alcohol) n=2,000, (degree of saponification ca. 80mol%)