STEARETH-2
STEARETH-2
STEARETH-2 = STEARYL ALCOHOL 2 EO = Polyoxyethylene (2) Stearyl Ether
Steareth-2 Alcohol Ethoxylate
Product: Steareth-2 Alchohol Ethoxylate with 2 EO (C18/C16 Alcohol)
Polyoxyethylene monooctadecyl ether (9005-00-9)
Steareth-2 is Polyoxyethylene fatty ether derived from stearyl alcohols designed to emulsify and produce stable dispersions of cosmetic materials
Steareth-2 is a water-in-oil emulsifier.
Steareth-2 is also used in antiperspirants, depilatories, cold waves, bleaches and dyes.
Steareth-2 is a waxy solid material that helps oil and water to mix together (emulsifier).
Steareth-2 is derived from the fatty alcohol, stearyl alcohol by ethoxylating it and thus making the molecule a little water-soluble.
This version Steareth-2 has only a small amount of ethoxylation and thus the molecule is still largely oil soluble.
Steareth-2 is often mixed with more water-soluble emulsifiers (such as Steareth-20) to create stable emulsion systems.
Steareth-2 is Ethoxylated stearyl alcohol. Steareth-2 is Nonionic emulsifier for various O/ W skin care emulsions, especially suitable for O/ W antiperspirant roll-ons.
Steareth-2 is an emulsifier for the formulation of cosmetic O/W and W/O emulsions suitable for the preparation of antiperspirants.
Steareth-2 is also suitable for O/W skin care creams and lotions, W/O skin care creams and lotions, deodorant and antiperspirant sprays and roll-ons, hair conditioner and wet wipes.
Steareth-2 is a non-ionic emulsifier for various O/ W skin care emulsions, especially suitable for O/ W anti-perspirant roll-ons
The steareth group is a series of compounds prepared by reacting stearyl alcohol with ethylene oxide to form polyoxyethylene stearyl ethers. Steareths are waxy solids used primarily as emulsifiers in cosmetics at concentrations of up to 25%.
Steareth-2 is an Emulsifier for the formulation of cosmetic O/W and W/O emulsions
• Suitable for the preparation of antiperspirants
• Stable emulsions at a wide pH range
CAS Number: 9005-00-9
Industry Primarily Used : Cosmetics, Pharmaceuticals, Inks & Coatings
Steareth-2 is used in emulsions, PIT emulsions and hair treatment rinses. Steareth-2 acts as a nonionic emulsifier and thickener.
CAS Numbers:
9005-00-9 (Generic)
16057-43-5
EC/List Numbers: 500-017-8
Technical Names:
2-[2-(Octadecyloxy)Ethoxy]Ethanol
Ethanol, 2-[2-Octadecyloxy)Ethoxy]-
Octadecan-1-ol, Ethoxylated
PEG-2 Stearyl Ether
Polyethylene Glycol (2) Stearyl Ether
Polyoxyethylene (2) Stearyl Ether
Polyoxyethylene Monooctadecyl Ether
Polyoxyethylen(2)stearyl-Ether
Steareth-2 (INCI)
Product Categories:
Cleaning Products
Description: Solid emulsifier for cosmetic formulations.
Properties
• Steareth-2 is non-ionic emulsifiers based on vegetable raw materials.
• Steareth-2 can be formulated in combination with other emulsifiers creams and lotions
• The amount of Steareth-2 used, referred to the emulsion, is 1.0 – 6.0 %.
• Steareth-2 should be used in combination with consistencyproviding substances for the formation of viscosity-enhancing gel structures in the external water phase.
• Steareth-2 emulsifies oils and fats in highly acidic or alkaline media.
FATTY ALCOHOL POLYGLYCOL ETHER
Steareth-2 is a nonionic emulsfier and thickener for personal care products. Steareth-2 is an ethoxylated fatty acid, based on stearic acid.
This naturally derived, nonionic surfactant finds use in many Personal Care DEO applications.
Benefits
Plant-based
Viscosifier
Cosmetic Ingredient Functions
Emulsifier
Surfactant
Viscosity Modifier
Functions
Dispersing Agents
Emulsifiers
Gelling Agents
Surfactants / Detergents
Applications
Bath, Shower & Soaps
Antiperspirants & Deodorants
Eye Colour
Face / Neck Skin Care
Face Colour
Hair Relaxing / Permanent Waves
Lip Colour
Shaving / Hair Removal
Sun Protection
Product description
Stearyl alcohol ethoxylate with 2 EO
Application
Pre-treatment, laundry liquids, bleach boosters, hard surface cleaning, toilet & hygienic cleaning, dairy & food cleaning, vehicle washing
Steareth-2 is polyethylene glycol ethers of stearic acid and it is a Lipophilic emulsifier.
Steareth-2 is a waxy compound and when added to cosmetics and personal care products, the Steareth ingredients reduce the interactive forces between solids and liquids so that an emulsion is formed
STEARETH-2 is a synthetic polymer composed of PEG (polyethylene glycol) and stearyl alcohol.
Chemical Class: Polyoxyethylene Alkyl Ethers
Steareth-2 is a non-ionic, vegetable based, emulsifier for cosmetic O/W and partially also for W/O emulsions.
Steareth-2 is suitable for skin care creams, lotions and the preparation of antiperspirants.
Steareth-2 stabilizes emulsions over a wide pH range.
Steareth-2 emulsifies oils and fats in highly acidic or alkaline media and is easy to process.
STEARETH-2
CAS number: 9005-00-9 (Generic) / 16057-43-5
INCI name: STEARETH-2
N ° EINECS / ELINCS: 500-017-8 / –
Classification: Ethoxylated compound
Steareth-2 functions (INCI)
Emulsifying agent: Steareth-2 promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil)
Surfactant: Steareth-2 reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the uniform distribution of the product during its use
Personal Care Products
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
Detergents
Uses:
Laundry Liquids
Bleach Boosters
Hard Surface Cleaning
Toilet & Hygienic Cleaning
Dairy & Food Cleaning
Vehicle Washing
Synonyms
Arlacel 985 Brij 72 Brij S2 Hetoxol Sta-2 Lipocol S-2 Nikkol Bs-22-Octadecoxyethanol (Peg-2) Peg-2 Stearyl Ether Poly(Oxy-1,2-Ethanediyl), .Alpha.-Octadecyl-.Omega.-Hydroxy- (2 Mol Eo Average Molar Ratio) Polyethylene Glycol (2) Stearyl Ether Polyoxyethylene (2) Stearyl Alcohol Ether Polyoxyethylene (2) Stearyl Ether Tego Alkanol S 2 P
Function : Emulsifying; Surfactant;The Steareth Ingredients Are A Series Of Polyoxyethylene Stearyl Ethers.
In Cosmetics And Personal Care Products, The Steareths Function Mainly As Surfactant – Emulsifying Agents.
They May Also Be Used As Wetting Agents, Solubilizers And Nonionic Surfactants.
STEARETH-2
Description
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy
CAS# code (Chemical Abstracts Service)
9005-00-9 (Generic) / 16057-43-5
EC# code (European Community)
500-017-8 / –
The functions of the cosmetic ingredient
SURFACTANT – CLEANSING : wetting body surfaces, emulsifying or solubilizing oils, and suspending soil (generally, such ingredients contribute to the foaming and lathering properties of cleansing products).
SURFACTANT – EMULSIFYING : helping suspensions or dispersions of liquids in a second liquid by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified.
Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated
EC Inventory
Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated
1 – 2.5 moles ethoxylated
Polyoxyl stearyl ether
1 – 2.5 moles ethoxylated
CAS names
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-
IUPAC names
1-(2-$l^{1}-oxidanylethoxy)octadecane
2-Octadecoxyethanol
2-octadecoxyethanol
alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy-polyglycolether
Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated
Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated (1 – 2.5 mol EO)
Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated (1 – 2.5 moles ethoxylated)
Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated (10 mol EO)
Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated, < 2.5 EO
Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated, < 2.5 EO
Poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) – α – octadecyl -ω- hydroxyl
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) , .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-
poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-octadecyl-w-hydroxy-
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-octadecyl-w-hydroxy- (2-5EO)
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy-
Steareth-2
Trade names
1-Octadecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol
[1-14C]Octadecylalkohol + 7 EO; 7-EO
A 20
A 20 (Chinese surfactant)
Aduxol ST 05
Alcool en C18 éthoxylé
Alkasurf SA 2
Alkyl polyglycol ether C18 with EO
Alkyl Polyglykolether C18 mit EO
ARLYPON SA 10 FEST; 10-EO
Arlypon SA 10; 10-EO
Arlypon SA 20 D; 20-EO
ARLYPON SA 20 FEST; 20-EO
Arlypon SA 20; 20-EO
Arlypon SA 4 D; 4-EO
Arlypon SA 4; 4-EO
Arlypon SA 6; 6-EO
ARLYPON SA 7 FEST; 7-EO
ARLYPON SA 7; 7-EO
Avivan SO 6
Berol 043
Berol 08
Brij 700
Brij 72
Brij 721
BRIJ 721 FL; 21-EO
Brij 721 P; 21-EO
Brij 721 VP; 21-EO
BRIJ 721; 21-EO
BRIJ 72; 2-EO
Brij 76
BRIJ 76; 10-EO
Brij 78
BRIJ 78 P; 20-EO
Brij 78; 20-EO
Brij S2
C18-Fettalkohol + 12 EO; 12-EO
C18-Fettalkohol + 14 EO; 14-EO
C18-Fettalkohol + 20 EO; 20-EO
C18-Fettalkohol + 28 EO; 28-EO
C18-Fettalkohol + 52 EO; 52-EO
Cemulsol DB 25/18
Cetalox AT
Ekaline G 80
EM 1207
Empilan KM 50
EMTHOX 5888-A POE (20) STEARYL ALCOHOL; 20-EO
Emulgen 306P
Emulgen 310
Emulgen 320P
Emulgen 3299
ESK 1
ESK 1 (demulsifier)
Ethosperse CA 20
Ethoxylated octadecyl alcohol
Ethoxylated stearyl alcohol
Eumulgin S 21; 21-EO
Eumulgin S 2; 2-EO
Eumulgin SA 2; 2-EO
FAEO C18 + 10EO; 10-EO
FAEO C18 + 11EO; 11-EO
FAEO C18 + 12EO; 12-EO
FAEO C18 + 13EO; 13-EO
FAEO C18 + 14.6EO; 14,6-EO
FAEO C18 + 14EO; 14-EO
FAEO C18 + 15EO; 15-EO
FAEO C18 + 20EO; 20-EO
FAEO C18 + 21EO; 21-EO
FAEO C18 + 28EO; 28-EO
FAEO C18 + 2EO; 2-EO
FAEO C18 + 30EO; 30-EO
FAEO C18 + 4EO; 4-EO
FAEO C18 + 52EO; 52-EO
FAEO C18 + 5EO; 5-EO
FAEO C18 + 6EO; 6-EO
FAEO C18 + 7EO; 7-EO
FAEO C18 + nEO; n-EO
Fettalkoholpolyglykolether
G 3694POE
G 3710
G 3720
G 3720POE
Genapol S
Genapol S 020
Genapol S 100
Genapol S 150
Glycols, polyethylene, monooctadecyl ether
Heptaethylene glycol monooctadecyl ether
Hetoxol STA 30
IDH 45601; 4-EO
LAMECREME SA 7 FEST; 7-EO
Lamecreme SA 7; 7-EO
Leunapon-F 18
Levenol PW
Lipocol S 20
LOROL C 18 + 2EO; 2-EO
Macol SA
Macol SA 10
Macol SA 100
Macol SA 15
Macol SA 2
Macol SA 20
MACOL SA 20; 20-EO
Macol SA 40
Macol SA 5
Marlipal 1850
Mergital S 2
Mergital S 21; 21-EO
Newcol 1807
Nissan Dispanol 16A
Nissan Nonion S 207
Nissan Nonion S 215
Nissan Nonion S 220
Nissan Nonion S 230
Noigen 140E
Nonion S 207
Octadecanol + EO
Octadecylalkohol + 7 [14C]EO; 7-EO
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethandiyl), α-octadecyl-ω-hydroxy-
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-octadecyl-ω-hydroxy-
POLYOXYAETHYLEN(10)STEARYLAETHER
POLYOXYAETHYLEN(2)STEARYLAETHER
POLYOXYAETHYLEN(20)STEARYLAETHER
Polyoxyethylen
Polyoxyethylen-(2)-Stearylalkohol
Polyoxyethylen-Stearylalkohol-ether
Polyoxyethylen-stearylether
Sansheng AFE 7620
Stearath 7
Stearath 7 (CTFA)
STEARETH
Steareth
Steareth-10
Steareth-10 (INCI)
Steareth-100
Steareth-100 (INCI)
Steareth-10; 10-EO
Steareth-11
Steareth-11 (INCI)
Steareth-11; 11-EO
Steareth-13
Steareth-13 (INCI)
Steareth-13; 13-EO
Steareth-14
Steareth-14 (INCI)
Steareth-15
Steareth-15 (INCI)
Steareth-15; 15-EO
Steareth-16
Steareth-16 (INCI)
Steareth-2
Steareth-2 (CTFA)
Steareth-2 (INCI)
Steareth-20
Steareth-20 (INCI)
Steareth-20; 20-EO
Steareth-21
Steareth-21 (INCI)
Steareth-25
Steareth-25 (INCI)
Steareth-27
Steareth-27 (INCI)
Steareth-2; 2-EO
Steareth-3
Steareth-3 (INCI)
Steareth-30
Steareth-30 (INCI)
Steareth-4
Steareth-4 (INCI)
Steareth-40
Steareth-40 (INCI)
Steareth-4; 4-EO
Steareth-5
Steareth-5 (INCI)
Steareth-50
Steareth-50 (INCI)
Steareth-6
Steareth-6 (INCI)
Steareth-6; 6-EO
Steareth-7
Steareth-7 (INCI)
Steareth-7; 7-EO
STEARYL ALCOHOL + 2EO; 2-EO
Stearyl alcohol, ethoxylated
Stearylalkohol + 2 EO; 2-EO
Stearylalkohol + 7 EO; 7-EO
Stearylalkohol + EO
Stearylalkohol 21 EO; 21-EO
STEARYLALKOHOL 4 EO GEREINIGT; 4-EO
STEARYLALKOHOL 4 EO; 4-EO
Stearylalkohol 6 EO/Stearylalkohol; 6-EO
Stearylalkohol 7 EO/Stearylalkohol; 7-EO
Stearylalkohol EO 20
Stearylalkohol-(10)polyglycolether
Stearylalkohol-(20)polyglycolether
Stearylalkohol-(4)polyglycolether
Stearylalkohol-(5)polyglycolether
Stearylalkohol-(6)polyglycolether
Stearylalkohol-(7)polyglycolether
Stearylalkohol-(XX)polyglycolether
Stearylether
Sympatens-AS/020
Tego Antifoam 204
Um A 549; 14,6-EO
Volpo S 2; 2-EO
Volpo S2
Volpo S2A
Xiameter AFE 7610
α-Octadécyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxyéthylène)
Emulsions and the HLB System
All creams and lotions have one thing in common. They are both emulsions.
An emulsion is a system of two (or more) immiscible materials (usually liquids) in which one material (the dispersed/internal phase) is suspended or dispersed throughout another material (the continuous/external phase) in separate droplets.
Most emulsions fall into two different classes, oil in water emulsions and water in oil emulsions.
In oil in water emulsions, we have hundreds of tiny oil droplets surrounded by water.
In water in oil emulsions, we have the opposite situation. We have hundreds of water droplets surrounded by oil.
One of the simplest emulsions is a simple vinegar and oil salad dressing. One of the problems with this simple emulsion is that the oil and vinegar don’t mix.
To emulsify the vinegar into the oil, we can use an egg yolk. Egg yolks contain a natural emulsifier call Lecithin.
Most creams and lotions on the market today are oil in water emulsions.
In 1949, William C. (Bill) Griffin developed the Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance System or HLB System when he was a chemist at the Atlas Powder Company, which eventually became ICI Surfactants and is part of Uniqema today.
All emulsifier have two parts; like a bar magnet. A bar magnet has a north pole and a south pole. Nonionic emulsifiers also have two poles or parts.
An emulsifier molecule has one part that loves water and one part loves oil.
The water loving part is called hydrophilic; “hydro-` meaning water and “-philic” meaning to love or like.
The other part of the emulsifier molecule is lipophilic; if “lipo-” means fat or oil, then lipophilic means oil loving.
Therefore, an emulsifier has a hydrophilic part and a lipophilic part.
The balance of these two portions of the emulsifier gives us the Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB). The HLB of emulsifiers can be calculated or determined through trial and error.
According to the HLB System, all fats and oils have a Required HLB.
For example, if we wanted to emulsify Soybean Oil, which has a required HLB of 7, we would need to use an emulsifier or blend of emulsifiers that had a HLB of 7 ± 1.
Before we can select our emulsifiers that we will need, we must know the required HLB of our oil phase.
Let’s start calculating the required HLB of an Oil Phase.
Below is a list of oils and waxes and their respective required HLBs.
INCI Nomenclature [RHLB ± 1]
Aleurites Moluccana Seed Oil [7] Grape (Vitis Vinifera) Seed Oil [7]
Almond Oil NF [6] Hybrid Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius) Oil [9]
Anhydrous Lanolin USP [10] Isopropyl Myristate [11.5]
Apricot Kernel Oil [7] Isopropyl Palmitate [11.5]
Avocado (Persea Gratissima) Oil [7] Jojoba (Buxus Chinensis) Oil [6.5]
Babassu Oil [8] Lanolin [10]
Beeswax [12] Macadamia (Ternifolia) Nut Oil [7]
Borage (Borago Officinalis) Seed Oil [7] Mangifera Indica (Mango) Seed Butter [8]
Brazil Nut Oil [8] Mineral Oil [10.5]
C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate [13] Myristyl Myristate [8.5]
Cannabis Sativa Seed Oil [7] Olive (Olea Europaea) Oil [7]
Canola Oil [7] Oryza Sativa (Rice Bran) Oil [7]
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride [5] Peanut Oil NF [6]
Carrot (Daucus Carota Sativa) Seed Oil [6] Petrolatum [7]
Castor (Ricinus Communis) Oil [14] PPG-15 Stearyl Ether [7]
Ceresin [8] Retinyl Palmitate [6]
Cetearyl Alcohol [15.5] Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius) Oil [8]
Cetyl Alcohol [15.5] Sesame (Sesamum Indicum) Oil [7]
Cetyl Esters [10] Shea Butter (Butyrospermum Parkii) [8]
Cetyl Palmitate [10] Soybean (Glycine Soja) Oil [7]
Coconut Oil [8] Stearic Acid [15]
Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Root Extract [6] Stearyl Alcohol [15.5]
Diisopropyl Adipate [9] Sunflower (Helianthus Annus) Oil [7]
Dimethicone [5] Sweet Almond (Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis) Oil
[7]
Dog Rose (Rosa Canina) Hips Oil [7] Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Butter [6]
Emu Oil [8] Tocopherol [6]
Evening Primrose Oil [7]
For the purposes of our calculations, we will assume that 100% of our Oil Phase of our hypothetical emulsion is equal 20%. It could be 18%, 17.85% or 28%.
So, if 100% of our Oil Phase consisted of 20% Soybean Oil, the calculations would be easy.
Since the required HLB of Soybean Oil is 7 and 100% of the Oil Phase is Soybean Oil, intuitively we should see that the required HLB of the oil phase is 7.
Let’s suppose that your oil phase contains:
Soybean (Glycine Soja) Oil = 15%
Cetyl Alcohol = 5%
The total amount of oils in our Oil Phase = 20%
To calculate the required HLB of our Oil Phase, we must calculate the composition of our Oil Phase in terms of percentage.
But we already know that the total amount of oils in our Oil Phase = 20%
Therefore we can say that 20% of our formula = 100% of the Oil Phase,
If 20% = 100% and 15% = X %
then X = (100 X 15) / 20
X = 1500 / 20
X = 75%
Therefore Soybean (Glycine Soja) Oil is 75% of the oil phase.
If 20% = 100% and 5% = X % then X = (100 X 5) / 20
X = 500 / 20
X = 25%
and Cetyl Alcohol is 25% of the oil phase.
So now, we can say Soybean (Glycine Soja) Oil = 15% of the formula and 75% of the oil phase.
Cetyl Alcohol = 5% of the formula and 25% of the oil phase.
But we also know that the required HLB of Soybean (Glycine Soja) Oil is 7 the required HLB of Cetyl Alcohol is 15.5
To calculate the required HLB of the Oil Phase, we multiply the percentage of each oil, expressed as a number, in the Oil Phase by its respective required HLB and sum the results.
(75%/100) X 7 = 0.75 X 7 = 5.25
(25%/100) X 15.5 = 0.25 X 15.5 = 3.88
The required HLB of our oil phase is the sum of these numbers or 9.13
Let’s look at those calculations again. This time let’s suppose that your oil phase contains:
Soybean (Glycine Soja) Oil = 18%
Cetyl Alcohol = 2%
The total amount of oils in our Oil Phase = 20%
To calculate the required HLB of our Oil Phase, we must calculate the composition of our Oil Phase in terms of percentage.
But we already know that the total amount of oils in our Oil Phase = 20%
Therefore we can say that 20% of our formula = 100% of the Oil Phase,
If 20% = 100% and 18% = X % then X = (100 X 18) / 20
X = 1800 / 20
X = 90%
Therefore Soybean (Glycine Soja) Oil is 90% of the oil phase.
If 20% = 100%
and 2% = X %
then X = (100 X 2) / 20
X = 200 / 20
X = 10%
and Cetyl Alcohol is 10% of the oil phase.
So now, we can say Soybean (Glycine Soja) Oil = 18% of the formula and 0% of the oil phase.
Cetyl Alcohol = 2% of the formula and 10% of the oil phase.
But we also know that
the required HLB of Soybean (Glycine Soja) Oil is 7
the required HLB of Cetyl Alcohol is 15.5
To calculate the required HLB of the Oil Phase, we multiply the percentage of each oil in the Oil Phase by its respective required HLB and sum the results.
(90%/100) X 7 = 0.9 X 7 = 6.3
(10%/100) X 15.5 = 0.1 X 15.5 = 1.55
The required HLB of our oil phase is the sum of these numbers or 7.85
Let’s make the Oil Phase more complex. Let’s suppose that your oil phase contains:
Soybean (Glycine Soja) Oil 11%
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride 5%
Grape (Vitis Vinifera) Seed Oil 1%
Jojoba (Buxus Chinensis) Oil 1%
Tocopherol 0.5%
Beeswax 0.5%
Cetyl Alcohol 1%
The total amount of oils in our Oil Phase = 20%
To calculate the required HLB of our Oil Phase, we must calculate the composition of our Oil Phase in terms of percentage.
But we already know that the total amount of oils in our Oil Phase = 20%
Therefore we can say that 20% of our formula = 100% of the Oil Phase,
If 20% = 100% and 11% = X %
then X = (100 X 11) / 20
X = 1100 / 20
X = 55%
Therefore Soybean (Glycine Soja) Oil is 55% of the oil phase.
If 20% = 100%
and 5% = X %
then X = (100 X 5) / 20
X = 500 / 20
X = 25%
and Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is 25% of the oil phase.
If 20% = 100% and 1% = X %
then X = (100 X 1) / 20
X = 100 / 20
X = 5%
and Grape (Vitis Vinifera) Seed Oil is 5% of the oil phase.
If 20% = 100%
and 1% = X %
then X = (100 X 1) / 20
X = 100 / 20
X = 5%
and Jojoba (Buxus Chinensis) Oil is 5% of the oil phase.
If 20% = 100%
and 0.5% = X %
then X = (100 X 0.5) / 20
X = 50 / 20
X = 2.5%
and Tocopherol is 2.5% of the oil phase.
If 20% = 100%
and 0.5% = X %
then X = (100 X 0.5) / 20
X = 50 / 20
X = 2.5%
and Beeswax is 2.5% of the oil phase.
If 20% = 100%
and 1% = X %
then X = (100 X 1) / 20
X = 100 / 20
X = 5%
and Cetyl Alcohol is 5% of the oil phase.
So now, we can say
Soybean (Glycine Soja) Oil = 11% of the formula and 55% of the oil phase.
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride = 5% of the formula and 25% of the oil phase.
Grape (Vitis Vinifera) Seed Oil = 1% of the formula and 5% of the oil phase.
Jojoba (Buxus Chinensis) Oil = 1% of the formula and 5% of the oil phase.
Tocopherol = 0.5% of the formula and 2.5% of the oil phase.
Beeswax = 0.5% of the formula and 2.5% of the oil phase.
Cetyl Alcohol = 1% of the formula and 5% of the oil phase.
But we also know that
the required HLB of Soybean (Glycine Soja) Oil is 7
the required HLB of Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is 5
the required HLB of Grape (Vitis Vinifera) Seed Oil is 7
the required HLB of Jojoba (Buxus Chinensis) Oil is 6.5
the required HLB of Tocopherol is 6
the required HLB of Beeswax is 12
the required HLB of Cetyl Alcohol is 15.5
To calculate the required HLB of the Oil Phase, we multiply the percentage of each oil, expressed as a number, in the Oil Phase by its respective required HLB and sum the results.
(55%/100) X 7 = 0.55 X 7 = 3.85
(25%/100) X 5 = 0.25 X 5 = 1.25
(5%/100) X 7 = 0.05 X 7 = 0.35
(5%/100) X 6.5 = 0.05 X 6.5 = 0.33
(2.5%/100) X 6 = 0.025 X 6 = 0.15
(2.5%/100) X 12 = 0.025 X 12 = 0.3
(5%/100) X 15.5 = 0.05 X 15.5 = 0.78
The required HLB of our oil phase is the sum of these numbers or 7
All we have to do now is find a pair of emulsifiers that will match this required HLB.
There are several nonionic emulsifiers that we could use. Here are two lists of emulsifiers and their respective HLBs.
Emulsifiers sorted by INCI Name
Calcium Stearoyl Lactylate [HLB = 5.1 ± 1] Oleth-20 [HLB = 15.3 ± 1]
Ceteareth-20 [HLB = 15.2 ± 1] PEG-100 Stearate [HLB = 18.8 ± 1]
Cetearyl Glucoside [HLB = 11 ± 1] PEG-20 Almond Glycerides [HLB = 10 ± 1]
Ceteth-10 [HLB = 12.9 ± 1] PEG-20 Methyl Glucose Sesquistearate
[HLB = 15 ± 1]
Ceteth-2 [HLB = 5.3 ± 1] PEG-25 Hydrogenated Castor Oil [HLB = 10.8 ± 1]
Ceteth-20 [HLB = 15.7 ± 1] PEG-30 Dipolyhydroxystearate [HLB = 5.5 ± 1]
Cocamide MEA [HLB = 13.5 ± 1] PEG-4 Dilaurate [HLB = 6 ± 1]
Glyceryl Laurate [HLB = 5.2 ± 1] PEG-40 Sorbitan Peroleate [HLB = 9 ± 1]
Glyceryl Stearate [HLB = 3.8 ± 1] PEG-60 Almond Glycerides [HLB = 15 ± 1]
Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG-100 Stearate
[HLB = 11 ± 1]
PEG-8 Laurate [HLB = 13 ± 1]
Glyceryl Stearate SE [HLB = 5.8 ± 1] PEG-80 Sorbitan Laurate [HLB = 19.1 ± 1]
Glycol Distearate [HLB = 1 ± 1] Polysorbate 20 [HLB = 16.7 ± 1]
Glycol Stearate [HLB = 2.9 ± 1] Polysorbate 60 [HLB = 14.9 ± 1]
Isoceteth-20 [HLB = 15.7 ± 1] Polysorbate 80 [HLB = 15 ± 1]
Isosteareth-20 [HLB = 15 ± 1] Polysorbate 85 [HLB = 11 ± 1]
Lauramide DEA [HLB = 15 ± 1] Sodium Stearoyl Lactylate [HLB = 8.3 ± 1]
Laureth-23 [HLB = 16.9 ± 1] Sorbitan Isostearate [HLB = 4.7 ± 1]
Laureth-4 [HLB = 9.7 ± 1] Sorbitan Laurate [HLB = 8.6 ± 1]
Lecithin [HLB = 4 ± 1] Sorbitan Oleate [HLB = 4.3 ± 1]
Lecithin [HLB = 9.7 ± 1] Sorbitan Sesquioleate [HLB = 3.7 ± 1]
Linoleamide DEA [HLB = 10 ± 1] Sorbitan Stearate [HLB = 4.7 ± 1]
Methyl Glucose Sesquistearate [HLB = 6.6 ± 1] Sorbitan Stearate (and) Sucrose Cocoate
[HLB = 6 ± 1]
Oleth-10 [HLB = 12.4 ± 1] Sorbitan Trioleate [HLB = 1.8 ± 1]
Oleth-10 / Polyoxyl 10 Oleyl Ether NF [HLB = 12.4 ± 1] Stearamide MEA [HLB = 11 ± 1]
Oleth-2 [HLB = 4.9 ± 1] Steareth-2 [HLB = 4.9 ± 1]
Oleth-20 [HLB = 12.4 ± 1] Steareth-21 [HLB = 15.5 ± 1]
Emulsifiers sorted by HLB Value
Glycol Distearate [HLB = 1 ± 1] Cetearyl Glucoside [HLB = 11 ± 1]
Sorbitan Trioleate [HLB = 1.8 ± 1] Polysorbate 85 [HLB = 11 ± 1]
Glycol Stearate [HLB = 2.9 ± 1] Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG-100 Stearate
[HLB = 11 ± 1]
Sorbitan Sesquioleate [HLB = 3.7 ± 1] Stearamide MEA [HLB = 11 ± 1]
Glyceryl Stearate [HLB = 3.8 ± 1] Oleth-10 / Polyoxyl 10 Oleyl Ether NF
[HLB = 12.4 ± 1]
Lecithin [HLB = 4 ± 1] Oleth-10 [HLB = 12.4 ± 1]
Sorbitan Oleate [HLB = 4.3 ± 1] Oleth-20 [HLB = 12.4 ± 1]
Sorbitan Stearate [HLB = 4.7 ± 1] Ceteth-10 [HLB = 12.9 ± 1]
Sorbitan Isostearate [HLB = 4.7 ± 1] PEG-8 Laurate [HLB = 13 ± 1]
Oleth-2 [HLB = 4.9 ± 1] Cocamide MEA [HLB = 13.5 ± 1]
Steareth-2 [HLB = 4.9 ± 1] Polysorbate 60 [HLB = 14.9 ± 1]
Calcium Stearoyl Lactylate [HLB = 5.1 ± 1] PEG-60 Almond Glycerides [HLB = 15 ± 1]
Glyceryl Laurate [HLB = 5.2 ± 1] Isosteareth-20 [HLB = 15 ± 1]
Ceteth-2 [HLB = 5.3 ± 1] Lauramide DEA [HLB = 15 ± 1]
PEG-30 Dipolyhydroxystearate
[HLB = 5.5 ± 1]
Polysorbate 80 [HLB = 15 ± 1]
Glyceryl Stearate SE [HLB = 5.8 ± 1] PEG-20 Methyl Glucose Sesquistearate
[HLB = 15 ± 1]
PEG-4 Dilaurate [HLB = 6 ± 1] Ceteareth-20 [HLB = 15.2 ± 1]
Sorbitan Stearate (and) Sucrose Cocoate
[HLB = 6 ± 1]
Oleth-20 [HLB = 15.3 ± 1]
Methyl Glucose Sesquistearate
[HLB = 6.6 ± 1]
Steareth-21 [HLB = 15.5 ± 1]
Sodium Stearoyl Lactylate [HLB = 8.3 ± 1] Ceteth-20 [HLB = 15.7 ± 1]
Sorbitan Laurate [HLB = 8.6 ± 1] Isoceteth-20 [HLB = 15.7 ± 1]
PEG-40 Sorbitan Peroleate [HLB = 9 ± 1] Polysorbate 20 [HLB = 16.7 ± 1]
Lecithin [HLB = 9.7 ± 1] Laureth-23 [HLB = 16.9 ± 1]
Laureth-4 [HLB = 9.7 ± 1] PEG-100 Stearate [HLB = 18.8 ± 1]
PEG-20 Almond Glycerides [HLB = 10 ± 1] PEG-80 Sorbitan Laurate [HLB = 19.1 ± 1]
Linoleamide DEA [HLB = 10 ± 1]
PEG-25 Hydrogenated Castor Oil[HLB = 10.8 ± 1]
However, the number of emulsifiers available to most homecrafters is quite limited. As far
as I know, the short list includes:
Glyceryl Stearate [HLB = 3.8 ± 1]
Polysorbate 80 [HLB = 15 ± 1]
Ceteareth-20 [HLB = 15.2 ± 1]
Polysorbate 20 [HLB = 16.7 ± 1]
Suppose we want to make a lotion that has an oil phase that has a required HLB of 7
This means that we’ll need an emulsifier or emulsifier blend that will have a HLB of 7.
Experiments have shown that you’ll get better stability with blends of high HLB and low
HLB emulsifiers versus a single emulsifier.
By using blends of
Glyceryl Stearate [HLB = 3.8 ± 1] and Polysorbate 80 [HLB = 15 ± 1]
Glyceryl Stearate [HLB = 3.8 ± 1] and Ceteareth-20 [HLB = 15.2 ± 1]
Glyceryl Stearate [HLB = 3.8 ± 1] and Polysorbate 20 [HLB = 16.7 ± 1]
We can create just about any HLB.
To calculate the HLB of two emulsifiers we multiply the percentage of the emulsifier by the HLB.
We could write an equation that looks like this:
HLB blend = (%HLB1/100) X HLB1 + (%HLB2/100) X HLB2
For this example, we’ll use Glyceryl Stearate [HLB = 3.8 ± 1] and Ceteareth-20 [HLB =15.2 ± 1].
Intuitively, we can sense that if we had
Glyceryl Stearate = 0%
Ceteareth-20 = 100%
the HLB would be 15.2
(0%/100) X 3.8 + (100%/100) X 15.2 = (0 X 3.8) + (1 X 15.2) = 0 + 15.2 = 15.2
and of course the opposite situation would be true also
Glyceryl Stearate =100%
Ceteareth-20 = 0%
(100%/100) X 3.8 + (0%/100) X 15.2 = (1 X 3.8) + (0 X 15.2) = 3.8 + 0 = 3.8
now what would happen if you had
Glyceryl Stearate = 50%
Ceteareth-20 = 50%
we would have
(50%/100) X 3.8 + (50%/100) X 15.2 = (0.5 X 3.8) + (0.5 X 15.2) = 1.9 + 7.6 = 9.5
Doing the calculations for 5% increments;
(0%/100) X 3.8 + (100%/100) X 15.2 = (0 X 3.8) + (1 X 15.2) = 0 + 15.2 = 15.2
(5%/100) X 3.8 + (95%/100) X 15.2 = (0.05 X 3.8) + (0.95 X 15.2) = 0.19 + 14.44 = 14.6
(10%/100) X 3.8 + (90%/100) X 15.2 = (0.1 X 3.8) + (0.9 X 15.2) = 0.38 + 13.68 = 14.1
(15%/100) X 3.8 + (85%/100) X 15.2 = (0.15 X 3.8) + (0.85 X 15.2) = 0.57 + 12.92 = 13.5
(20%/100) X 3.8 + (80%/100) X 15.2 = (0.2 X 3.8) + (0.8 X 15.2) = 0.76 + 12.16 = 12.9
(25%/100) X 3.8 + (75%/100) X 15.2 = (0.25 X 3.8) + (0.75 X 15.2) = 0.95 + 11.4 = 12.4
(30%/100) X 3.8 + (70%/100) X 15.2 = (0.3 X 3.8) + (0.7 X 15.2) = 1.14 + 10.64 = 11.8
(35%/100) X 3.8 + (65%/100) X 15.2 = (0.35 X 3.8) + (0.65 X 15.2) = 1.33 + 9.88 = 11.2
(40%/100) X 3.8 + (60%/100) X 15.2 = (0.4 X 3.8) + (0.6 X 15.2) = 1.52 + 9.12 = 10.6
(45%/100) X 3.8 + (55%/100) X 15.2 = (0.45 X 3.8) + (0.55 X 15.2) = 1.71 + 8.36 = 10.1
(50%/100) X 3.8 + (50%/100) X 15.2 = (0.5 X 3.8) + (0.5 X 15.2) = 1.9 + 7.6 = 9.5
(55%/100) X 3.8 + (45%/100) X 15.2 = (0.55 X 3.8) + (0.45 X 15.2) = 2.09 + 6.84 = 8.9
(60%/100) X 3.8 + (40%/100) X 15.2 = (0.6 X 3.8) + (0.4 X 15.2) = 2.28 + 6.08 = 8.4
(65%/100) X 3.8 + (35%/100) X 15.2 = (0.65 X 3.8) + (0.35 X 15.2) = 2.47 + 5.32 = 7.8
(70%/100) X 3.8 + (30%/100) X 15.2 = (0.7 X 3.8) + (0.3 X 15.2) = 2.66 + 4.56 = 7.2
(75%/100) X 3.8 + (25%/100) X 15.2 = (0.75 X 3.8) + (0.25 X 15.2) = 2.85 + 3.8 = 6.7
(80%/100) X 3.8 + (20%/100) X 15.2 = (0.8 X 3.8) + (0.2 X 15.2) = 3.04 + 3.04 = 6.1
(85%/100) X 3.8 + (15%/100) X 15.2 = (0.85 X 3.8) + (0.15 X 15.2) = 3.23 + 2.28 = 5.5
(90%/100) X 3.8 + (10%/100) X 15.2 = (0.9 X 3.8) + (0.1 X 15.2) = 3.42 + 1.52 = 4.9
(95%/100) X 3.8 + (5%/100) X 15.2 = (0.95 X 3.8) + (0.05 X 15.2) = 3.61 + 0.76 = 4.4
(100%/100) X 3.8 + (0%/100) X 15.2 = (1 X 3.8) + (0 X 15.2) = 3.8 + 0 = 3.8
Therefore, the HLB System says that a blend of
Glyceryl Stearate = 70%
Ceteareth-20 = 30%
would be needed to emulsify an oil phase that has a required HLB of 7.
Using our knowledge, let’s build a formula on paper. Most commercial creams and lotions
have three building bocks:
• Water Phase
• Oil Phase
• Miscellaneous Phase
A typical Water Phase might contain
Water QS
Humectant 2-7%
Preservative 0.05-1.0%
Thickener 0.1-2%
“Whiffle dust” QS
a typical Oil Phase might contain:
Emollients 5-10%
“Actives” Drug level
Antioxidant 0.05-0.2%
Emulsifier (primary) 1-2%
Emulsifier (secondary) 1-2%
Wax 0.5-2%
Silicones 0.5-5%
And finally, a typical Miscellaneous Phase might contain:
Preservative qs
Fragrance 0.1-1%
Color qs
For the purposes of this exercise, let’s use this Oil Phase.
Shea Butter (Butyrospermum Parkii) = 1.5%
Avocado (Persea Gratissima) Oil = 2.5%
Sweet Almond (Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis) Oil = 5%
Hemp Seed Oil = 2.5%
Stearic Acid = 3%
Cetyl Esters = 4%
Dimethicone = 4%
Therefore, the total amount of oils in our Oil Phase = 22.5%
To calculate the required HLB of our Oil Phase, we must calculate the composition of our
Oil Phase in terms of percentage.
But we already know that the total amount of oils in our Oil Phase = 22.5%
Therefore we can say that 22.5% of our formula = 100% of the Oil Phase,
If 22.5% = 100%
and 1.5% = X %
then X = (100 X 1.5) / 22.5
X = 150 / 22.5
X = 6.67%
Therefore Shea Butter (Butyrospermum Parkii) is 6.67% of the oil phase.
If 22.5% = 100%
and 2.5% = X %
then X = (100 X 2.5) / 22.5
X = 250 / 22.5
X = 11.11%
and Avocado (Persea Gratissima) Oil is 11.11% of the oil phase.
If 22.5% = 100%
and 5% = X %
then X = (100 X 5) / 22.5
X = 500 / 22.5
X = 22.22%
and Sweet Almond (Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis) Oil is 22.22% of the oil phase.
If 22.5% = 100%
and 2.5% = X %
then X = (100 X 2.5) / 22.5
X = 250 / 22.5
X = 11.11%
and Hemp Seed Oil is 11.11% of the oil phase.
If 22.5% = 100%
and 3% = X %
then X = (100 X 3) / 22.5
X = 300 / 22.5
X = 13.33%
and Stearic Acid is 13.33% of the oil phase.
If 22.5% = 100%
and 4% = X %
then X = (100 X 4) / 22.5
X = 400 / 22.5
X = 17.78%
and Cetyl Esters is 17.78% of the oil phase.
If 22.5% = 100%
and 4% = X %
then X = (100 X 4) / 22.5
X = 400 / 22.5
X = 17.78%
and Dimethicone is 17.78% of the oil phase.
So now, we can say
Shea Butter = 1.5% of the formula and 6.67% of the oil phase.
Avocado Oil = 2.5% of the formula and 11.11% of the oil phase.
Sweet Almond Oil = 5% of the formula and 22.22% of the oil phase.
Hemp Seed Oil = 2.5% of the formula and 11.11% of the oil phase.
Stearic Acid = 3% of the formula and 13.33% of the oil phase.
Cetyl Esters = 4% of the formula and 17.78% of the oil phase.
Dimethicone = 4% of the formula and 17.78% of the oil phase.
But we also know that
the required HLB of Shea Butter (Butyrospermum Parkii) is 8
the required HLB of Avocado (Persea Gratissima) Oil is 7
the required HLB of Sweet Almond (Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis) Oil is 7
the required HLB of Hemp Seed Oil is 7
the required HLB of Stearic Acid is 15
the required HLB of Cetyl Esters is 10
the required HLB of Dimethicone is 5
To calculate the required HLB of the Oil Phase, we multiply the percentage of each oil
(expressed as a number) in the Oil Phase by its respective required HLB and sum the
results.
(6.67%/100) X 8 = 0.0667 X 8 = 0.53
(11.11%/100) X 7 = 0.1111 X 7 = 0.78
(22.22%/100) X 7 = 0.2222 X 7 = 1.56
(11.11%/100) X 7 = 0.1111 X 7 = 0.78
(13.33%/100) X 15 = 0.1333 X 15 = 2
(17.78%/100) X 10 = 0.1778 X 10 = 1.78
(17.78%/100) X 5 = 0.1778 X 5 = 0.89
The required HLB of our oil phase is the sum of these numbers or 8.31
If we use Glyceryl Stearate [HLB = 3.8 ± 1] and Ceteareth-20 [HLB = 15.2 ± 1] as our
emulsifiers, but we know that:
(45%/100) X 3.8 + (55%/100) X 15.2 = (0.45 X 3.8) + (0.55 X 15.2) = 1.71 + 8.36 = 10.1
(50%/100) X 3.8 + (50%/100) X 15.2 = (0.5 X 3.8) + (0.5 X 15.2) = 1.9 + 7.6 = 9.5
(55%/100) X 3.8 + (45%/100) X 15.2 = (0.55 X 3.8) + (0.45 X 15.2) = 2.09 + 6.84 = 8.9
(60%/100) X 3.8 + (40%/100) X 15.2 = (0.6 X 3.8) + (0.4 X 15.2) = 2.28 + 6.08 = 8.4
(65%/100) X 3.8 + (35%/100) X 15.2 = (0.65 X 3.8) + (0.35 X 15.2) = 2.47 + 5.32 = 7.8
(70%/100) X 3.8 + (30%/100) X 15.2 = (0.7 X 3.8) + (0.3 X 15.2) = 2.66 + 4.56 = 7.2
So we must use
Glyceryl Stearate = 60%
Ceteareth-20 = 40%
Which will yield a HLB or 8.4 and the required HLB is 8.3.
So our Oil Phase is beginning to take shape:
Shea Butter 1.5%
Avocado Oil 2.5%
Sweet Almond Oil 5.0%
Hemp Seed Oil 2.5%
Stearic Acid 3.0%
Cetyl Esters 4.0%
Dimethicone 4.0%
Glyceryl Stearate ??
Ceteareth-20 ??
Before we can calculate the formula percentages for the emulsifiers, Glyceryl Stearate
and Ceteareth-20, we must decide on how much emulsifier do we want to use in our
formula. I usually start with 2% total emulsifier.
So
If 100% = 2%
Then 60% Glyceryl Stearate = X
X = (60 X 2)/100
X = 120/100
X = 1.2
Therefore, we need 1.2% Glyceryl Stearate
If 100% = 2%
Then 40% Ceteareth-20 = X
X = (40 X 2)/100
X = 80/100
X = 0.8
Therefore, we will need 0.8% Ceteareth-20.
Our Oil Phase is complete and looks like this:
Oil Phase
Shea Butter 1.5%
Avocado Oil 2.5%
Sweet Almond Oil 5.0%
Hemp Seed Oil 2.5%
Stearic Acid 3.0%
Cetyl Esters 4.0%
Dimethicone 4.0%
Glyceryl Stearate 1.2%
Ceteareth-20 0.8%
The Water Phase should be easy:
Water Phase
Water QS
Glycerin 2.0%
Calendula Extract 2.0%
Aloe Vera Gel 2.0%
Tetrasodium EDTA 0.1%
And finally, the Miscellaneous Phase:
Miscellaneous Phase
Germall Plus 0.15%
Fragrance 0.25
Now we can re-write the phases to look like a real formula:
Water Phase
Water 70.35%
Glycerin 2.00%
Calendula Extract 2.00 %
Aloe Vera Gel 2.00%
Tetrasodium EDTA 0.10%
Oil Phase
Shea Butter 0.15%
Avocado Oil 2.50%
Sweet Almond Oil 5.00%
Hemp Seed Oil 2.50%
Stearic Acid 3.00%
Cetyl Esters 4.00%
Dimethicone 4.00%
Glyceryl Stearate 1.20%
Ceteareth-20 0.80%
Miscellaneous Phase
Germall Plus 0.15%
Fragrance 0.25%
TEGO Alkanol S 2 P is a non-ionic, vegetable based, emulsifier for cosmetic O/W and partially also for W/O emulsions.
Suitable for skin care creams, lotions and the preparation of antiperspirants. Stable emulsions over a wide pH range.
TEGO Alkanol S 2 P emulsifies oils and fats in highly acidic or alkaline media and is easy to process.
Synonyms:
arlacel 985
brij 72
brij S2
hetoxol STA-2
lipocol S-2
nikkol BS-2
2- octadecoxyethanol (peg-2)
peg-2 stearyl ether
poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- (2 mol EO average molar ratio)
polyethylene glycol (2) stearyl ether
polyoxyethylene (2) stearyl alcohol ether
polyoxyethylene (2) stearyl ether
tego alkanol S 2 P
Steareth-2
2-(2-octadecoxyethoxy)ethanol
16057-43-5
Lipocol S-2
UNII-V56DFE46J5
V56DFE46J5
Procol SA-2
Genapol HS 020
PEG-2 Stearyl ether
Tego alkanol S 2 P
Brij-72
BRIJ s2
SCHEMBL145703
n-octadecyloxyethoxyethyl alcohol
DTXSID90936344
Polyethylene glycol (2) stearyl ether
2-[2-(Octadecyloxy)ethoxy]ethan-1-ol
Q27291552
What Is It?
The Steareth ingredients (Steareth-2, Steareth-4, Steareth-6, Steareth-7, Steareth-10, Steareth-11, Steareth-13, Steareth-15, Steareth-20) are polyethylene glycol ethers of stearci acid. They are waxy compounds. In cosmetics and personal care products, Steareth ingredients are used in the formulation of personal cleanliness products and deodorants, as well as suntan, fragrance, skin, eye and hair products.
Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products?
When added to cosmetics and personal care products, the Steareth ingredients reduce the interactive forces between molecules of other liquids so that an emulsion is formed. If an ingredient such as a Steareth is not added to some personal care products, the ingredients in the product would separate like some salad dressings.
Scientific Facts:
The Steareths are prepared by reacting ethylene oxide with stearyl alcohol where the numerical value in the name corresponds to the average number of units of ethylene oxide. For example, Steareth-2 is prepared using an average of 2 units of ethylene oxide reacted with stearyl alcohol.
Name
Polyoxyl stearyl ether
EINECS 500-017-8
CAS No. 9005-00-9 Density 0.867g/cm3
Solubility Melting Point 56-60oC
Formula (C2H4O)nC18H38O Boiling Point 100oC
Molecular Weight 1151.56 Flash Point 154.2oC
Transport Information Appearance
Safety Risk Codes
Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 9005-00-9 (Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-octadecyl-w-hydroxy-) Hazard Symbols
Synonyms
EM 1207;ESK 1;ESK 1 (demulsifier);Ekaline G 80;Emalex 602;Emalex 603;Emalex 605;Emalex 608;Emalex 610;Emalex 611;Emalex 620;Emalex630;Emalex 640;Emalex GL 15;Emulgen 306P;Emulgen 310;Emulgen 3140S90;Emulgen 320;Emulgen 320L;Emulgen 320P;Emulgen 350;Ethal SA 20;EthosperseCA 20;Ethoxylated octadecyl alcohol;Eumulgin S2;G 3694POE;G 3710;G 3720;G 3720POE;Genapol S;Genapol S 020;Genapol S100;Genapol S 150;Heptaethylene glycol monooctadecyl ether;Hetoxol STA 10;Hetoxol STA 2;Hetoxol STA 20;Hetoxol STA 30;Konion SA 10;Koremul SE-m;Levenol PW;Lipocol S 20;Lumulse S 20;Macol SA;Macol SA 10;Macol SA 100;Macol SA 15;Macol SA 2;Macol SA 20;Macol SA 40;Macol SA 5;Marlipal 1850;Mergital ST 30;Newcol 1807;Newcol 1820;Newcol 1880C;Nikkol BS 2;Nikkol BS20;Nissan Dispanol 16A;Nissan Nonion S 200.5S;Nissan Nonion S 202;Nissan Nonion S 207;Nissan Nonion S 215;Nissan Nonion S230;Noigen 140E;Glycols,polyethylene, monooctadecyl ether (8CI);A 10 (surfactant);Aduxol ST 04;Aduxol ST 05;Alkasurf SA 2;Avivan SO 6;BLAUNONSR-705;BS 20;
Berol 08;Blaunon SR 707;Blaunon SR711;Blaunon SR 720;Brij 700;Brij 72;Brij721;Brij 762;Brij 78;Cetalox AT;Disponil O 55;Nonion PS 2500;Nonion S 211;Nonion S 220;OS 20A;PES 20;POE stearyl ether;Peregol O;Pionin D 1405;Poly(ethylene oxide) monostearyl ether;Polyethoxylated octadecanol;SINOPOL 1807;Ethoxylated Stearyl Alcohols;
Eumulgin S 2 is a non-ionic emulsifier for various O/ W skin care emulsions, especially suitable for O/ W anti-perspirant roll-ons
Steareth-2. EUMULGIN S 2 by BASF is a non-ionic emulsifier. Steareth-2 is suitable for various O/W skin care emulsions and O/W antiperspirant roll-ons.
EUMULGIN S 2 finds application in hair coloring, baby care & cleansing, facial care cleansers and face-, color-, body-, sun- (sun protection, after-sun & self-tanning) care products.
Eumulgin S 2 is an ethoxylated stearyl alcohol that is used as a non-ionic emulsifier for cosmetic and pharmaceutical creams and lotions.
It is a white solid, with a faint characteristic odor, and a saponification value of < 2. This product has a hydroxyl value of 150-170, free ethylene oxide content of < 1 ppm, and a free dioxane amount of < 5 ppm.
APPEARANCE
White waxy solid
FUNCTION
Is an emulsifier for cosmetic W/O and co-emulsifier for O/W emulsions. It is suitable for skin creams and lotions, deodorant/antiperspirant sprays and roll-ons in combination with Steareth-2 or Steareth-21. It has stable emulsions over a wide pH range.
SYNONYMS
Brij S2-SO; Brij 72; Unijet 72; Polyoxyethylene ( 2 ) Stearyl Ether; Ethoxylated Dodecyl Alcohol; Ethoxylated Stearyl Alcohol