TETRAPOTASSIUM PYROPHOSPHATE

TETRAPOTASSIUM PYROPHOSPHATE = TKPP = Potassium pyrophosphate = Potassium diphosphate = Tetrapotassium diphosphate = Diphosphoric acid, potassium salt =Tetra-potassium Pyrophosphate = TETRAKAL

Synonyms/Generic Names: TKPP; tetrapotassium pyrophosphate; potassium diphosphate; diphosphoric acid tetrapotassium salt
EC / List no.: 230-785-7
CAS no.: 7320-34-5

Mol. formula: H4O7P2.4K
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate; TKPP

TKPP (Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate)

Other Names
DIPHOSPHORIC ACID, TETRAPOTASSIUM SALT
Tetrapotassium diphosphate
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate
Potassium diphosphate tetrabasic

TKPP is the dominant detergent builder product in industrial and institutional (I&I) cleaners, which accounts for 47 percent of its demand.
Though, TKPP consumption in the I&I market has declined marginally since 1984, this market segment is now long stabilized and is growing modestly.
TKPP for water treatment, its second-largest segment, is at a price disadvantage to sodium phosphates because of the higher cost of the potassium salts.
But, potassium phosphates have higher water solubility than the corresponding sodium salts, so they are useful where solids build-up is to be avoided–such as closed circuit cooling systems.
TKPP is used in conjunction with in-situ produced orthophosphates in corrosion protection formulations for these cooling water systems.
The water treatment market for potassium phosphates has been growing steadily since the mid-1980s and is expected to continue to grow.
However, TKPP’s growth is mitigated somewhat by polymeric water treatments in an effort to limit phosphate discharge into the environment.
TKPP is used in both anti-tartar dentifrice and mouthwash formulations.

Potassium pyrophosphate is mainly used as an emulsifier, quality improver and metal ion chelating agent.
Potassium pyrophosphate can be found in herbicidal compositions as a spray adjuvant.
Potassium pyrophosphate is also used as an anionic dispersant in water-based (latex) paints.
Potassium Pyrophosphate has being evaluated in phase II clinical trial as an anti-calculus treatment.

Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate is used as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, and a thickening agent, and is often used as a food additive

Colourless or white crystals, or a white crystalline or granular powder,powder of granular solid; hygroscopic

Synonyms
Diphosphoric acid, potassium salt (1:4); Diphosphoric acid, tetrapotassium salt; Potassium diphosphate; Potassium pyrophosphate; Pyrophosphoric acid, tetrapotassium salt; Tetrapotassium diphosphate; Tetrapotassium diphosphorate; TKPP; [ChemIDplus] Difosfato tetrapot’asico; SEL TETRAPOTASSIQUE DE L’ACIDE DIPHOSPHORIQUE; [IUCLID] Potassium pyrophosphate, anhydrous; [Alfa Aesar MSDS]

Category
Phosphates, Metallic Salts

Description
Trihydrate: Colorless deliquescent solid; [Merck Index] White odorless solid; Hygroscopic; [ICSC] White hygroscopic powder or granules; [Alfa Aesar MSDS]

Sources/Uses
TKPP (Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate) is used in detergents and surfactants, water treatment, and as a clay thinner in drilling muds; [Merck Index] Used in the chemical and personal-domestic use industries, as a food additive, cleaning/washing agent, disinfectant, and in pharmaceuticals; [IUCLID] Used in tin plating, stabilizing hydrogen peroxide baths, purification of chin clay, oil drilling muds, soaps and detergents (sequesters magnesium), peptizing curds of calcium soap, building/clarifying of liquid soaps in synthetic rubber production, as an iron sequestrant, peptizer in latex paints, in ultra high pressure boiler water treatment, and as an emulsifier and texturizer in foods; [EPA OHM/TADS] Permitted for use as an inert ingredient in non-food pesticide products; [EPA]

etrapotassium pyrophosphate
Synonimes:
Tetrakáliumpirofoszfát, Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, Tetrakálium-Pirofoszfát, TKPP
CAS: 7320-34-5
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is used in many industrial applications such as surface treatment, boiler descaling, detergent manufacturing, paint and coatings, mining of ore and clay, oil drilling, and synthetic rubber production.
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is applied as a food additive, detergent builder, oral care agent.
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate can be found in herbicides as a spray adjuvant.
PROPERTIES

Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP) is in the form of colourless or white crystals, or a white crystalline or granular powder.
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is a hydroscopic solid, soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol.
TKPP has a higher solubility in water treatment formulations than sodium derivatives.

APPLICATIONS
FOOD

Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate is mainly used as an emulsifier, quality improver, metal ion chelating agent.
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate keeps the freshness, holds water and improves the quality of quick-frozen marine products.
TKPP can be applied to prevent the struvite of canned seafoods and the discoloration of fruit products, to improve ice cream swelling rate or the taste of noodle and cake, and prevent the cheese aging. It is used as a pH buffer and as a dough conditioner in soy-based “meat alternatives”, chicken nuggets and imitation crab and lobster products.
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate is a thickening agent in instant puddings.

AGRO
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate can be found in herbicidal compositions as a spray adjuvant That adjuvant serves as both a plant nutrient and surface-active agent and functions synergistically with the herbicide to increase its level of absorption into plant tissues and to stimulate both the target and non-target plant species to growth responses for increased herbicide efficacy.

COSMETICS
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is classifed as a buffering, chelating and oral care agent.
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is the “tartar control” agent which removes calcium and magnesium from the saliva, so they can not deposit on the teeth.
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is mainly used in toothpastes and mouthwash formulations.

PAINTS
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is used as an anionic dispersant in water-based (latex) paints.
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate removes a small amount of Fe 3 + in order to improve the quality of dyeing.

HOUSEHOLD
TKPP is a soap and detergent builder.
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is a water softener and an emulsifier to suspend oils and prevent them from redepositing on clothing in the wash.
As a water softener, Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate combines with magnesium to sequester it from the detergent, without precipitating it onto the clothing.
As a detergent additive, Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate can also “reactivate” detergents or soaps that have combined with calcium to make an insoluble scum.
Because of the eutrophication of water it is seldom used as a detergent additive.

Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is used for liquid cleaners and metal treatment and building industry

Other uses:
Applications in boiler descaling, mining of ore and clay, synthetic rubber production, oil-drilling muds, fabric printing.
Texturizer, metal cleaner, sequestering agent, tissue modifier, chelating agent in non-cyanide electroplating, dispersion agent for ceramic, clay, latex and pigments and stabilizer in bleaching leather products.

TKPP
DEFLOCCULANT/DISPERSANT
TKPP, Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate, is typically used as a deflocculant/dispersant/thinner.
TKPP is a more environmentally-friendly, low-sodium replacement to SAPP.

FEATURES AND BENEFITS:
• Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is used to treat cement contamination and thin the mud prior to cementing.
• Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is effective dispersant for treating mud rings and bit-balling.

Potassium pyrophosphate
7320-34-5
Potassium diphosphate
TKPP
Tetrapotassium diphosphate
Diphosphoric acid, tetrapotassium salt
TETRAPOTASSIUM PYROPHOSPHATE
UNII-B9W4019H5G
Diphosphoric acid, potassium salt
MFCD00011393
B9W4019H5G
tetrapotassium;phosphonato phosphate
Tetrapotassium diphosphorate
Potassium diphosphate, 98%, extra pure
Potassium pyrophospate
EINECS 230-785-7
Pyrophosphoric acid, tetrapotassium salt
EINECS 233-338-4
Diphosphoric acid, potassium salt (1:4)
ACMC-1BB9Z
EC 230-785-7
Tetra Potassium Pyrophosphate
10124-52-4
Potassium diphosphate tetrabasic
DTXSID3036446
Potassium pyrophosphate Anhydrous
4K.P2O7
Potassium pyrophosphate, anhydrous
BCP25976
5408AF
AKOS015904523
FT-0710299
J-524026
Q2575439

-TKPP is used in cleaning detergent product to reduce water hardness
-Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate acts as an emulsifier which helps to remove oil stains

Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate (TKPP) by Type
– Food Grade TKPP
– Industrial Grade TKPP

Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate (TKPP) by Application
– Food & Beverages
– Oil & Gas
– Paints & Coatings
– Plastics & Polymers
– Water Treatment
– Other

TKPP is cleaning agent, plating, auxiliary emulsifying agent, fat dispersant and peroxide stabilizer

This colorless or white crystalline substance is also produced in a granular or crystalline powder.
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKKP) is a hydroscopic solid that is soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol.
It also possesses a higher solubility in water treatment formulations than sodium derivatives.
Primarily used as an emulsifier, metal ion chelating agent, and quality improver, TKKP maintains freshness, holds water, and improves the quality of flash-frozen marine products.
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is also used in the food industry to prevent struvite formation in canned seafoods, the discoloration of canned fruit products, improve the swelling rate of ice cream, improve the taste of noodles and cake, and prevent cheese from aging.
In agriculture, TKKP is used in herbicidal compositions as a spray adjuvant that allows for better nutrient absorption in desired plant species and inhibits the nutrient absorption in unwanted plant species.
TKKP is also used in the cosmetics industry as a buffering, chelating, and oral care.

Application: Tetra potassium pyrophosphate is used as quality improver, sequestrant, emulsifier, and texturizer in processed meats

TKPP
TKPP Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is a highly soluble, more environmentally friendly, low sodium alternative to SAPP.
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is used as a replacement to Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) due to its low sodium content, where LWD is the preferred method of disposal.

For water treatment, as TKPP is potassium phosphate, it has higher water solubility compared to the corresponding sodium salts.
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate can be used both as a shale inhibitor and a corrosive inhibitor. So for activities where solids build-up is to be avoided, such as water systems.
TKPP can be used along with other products for these systems.

TKPP’s main oil drilling application is for dispersing mud rings when water drilling and as a rapid thinner before cementing casing.

In water well applications, typically add one viscosity cup full of TKPP directly down the drill pipe on each connection.
In the instances where there are areas with highly reactive clays, it is recommended to bring in a qualified individual to advise on any increased treatments that may be required.
When using to thin the mud before cementing, mix as needed into the circulating mud system.

Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate, Anhydrous (TKPP) Granular is a hygroscopic, white granule.
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is used for its properties as a buffering agent, dispersing agent, protein modifier, coagulant, sequestrate, and mineral supplement.

TKPP can also be used as a soap and detergent builder. Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is also a water softener and combines magnesium to sequester it from detergents.
TKPP can reactivate detergents or soaps that have combined calcium to make insoluble scum.

Food grade Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate used in processed food as emulsifier, tissue improver, chelating agent, quality improver

Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate is used as emulsifier in food industry organization, improver, chelating agent, also used as alkaline raw material products.
Multiple combination with other condensed phosphate, Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate is commonly used to prevent canned aquatic products producing struvite, prevent the canned fruit color;
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate improves the ice cream expansion degree, it increases ham sausage yield and it helps for water retention in ground meat.
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate improves the noodles taste and yield, it prevents cheese aging.

Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is used in Cosmetics, soaps and paints.
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is a soap and detergent builder.
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is a water softener and an emulsifier to suspend oils and prevent them from redepositing on clothing in the wash.
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is a phosphate derivative chemical which is used texturizer, metal cleaner, sequestering agent, tissue modifier, chelating agent in non-cyanide electroplating, dispersion agent for ceramic, clay, latex and pigments and stabilizer in bleaching leather products.

Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is also used in boiler descaling, mining of ore and clay, synthetic rubber production, oil-drilling muds, fabric printing.

Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate (K4O7P2) is a sequestering agent, highly soluble in aqueous solutions with excellent deflocculating/dispersion properties.
Applications of tetrapotassium pyrophosphate include detergents.

Tetra-potassium Pyrophosphate also known as Tetra-potassium Di-phosphate is potassium phosphate which is white hydroscopic powder.
TKPP is an efficient buffering and dispersing agent. TKPP has higher solubility in water and has chelating capabilities.
Tetra-potassium Pyrophosphate has vast range of food and industrial uses

Application :
• Tetra-potassium Pyrophosphate is widely used as buffering and dispersing agent
• Tetra-potassium Pyrophosphate is also used as a protein modifier, coagulant and mineral supplement
• TKPP has industrial use in paints and coatings, surface treatment, detergent manufacturing, etc
• TKPP is now also being used for oil drying and in production of synthetic rubber

Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate, Anhydrous (TKPP) Granular is a hygroscopic, white, granule.
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate is used for its properties as a buffering agent, dispersing agent, protein modifier, coagulant, sequestrant, and mineral supplement.
In pet food, TKPP is used to modify proteins enabling them to solubilize and retain moisture during storage.
TKPP also increases shelf life of products by sequestering multivalent cations responsible for lipid oxidation and rancidity development.
TKPP helps to buffer the pH of the cheese and interacts with the milk protein to promote emulsification.
In flavored milk powders, liquid Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate can be added to the wet ingredient mix prior to spray drying.
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate will stabilize and disperse the proteins during drying.
In addition the use of TKPP will improve the overall viscosity, smoothness, and flavor of the final beverage.
In meat processing, Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate enhances moisture retention without increasing sodium content.

Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is used in many industrial applications such as surface treatment, boiler descaling, detergent manufacturing, paint and coatings, mining of ore and clay, oil drilling, and synthetic rubber production. It is applied as a food additive, detergent builder, oral care agent. It can be found in herbicides as a spray adjuvant.

Potassium pyrophosphate, also known as tetra-Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate, is made from the melting of di-potassium phosphate which causing it loss of one water molecule.
At room temperature, it is as a white crystalline powder or granules and has a strong moisture absorption capability in air and is easily soluble in water but insoluble in ethanol.
Its aqueous solution is alkaline and has effect on inhibition of food spoilage and fermentation.
The pH of 1% aqueous solution is about 10.5.
At about 25 ℃, the solubility of potassium pyrophosphate in 100g of water is 187g.
Potassium pyrophosphate is hydrolyzed into potassium phosphate in acid or alkaline solution and can form a viscous-like slurry body when being mixed with water.
Potassium pyrophosphate is mostly used in combination with other condensed phosphates, such as for the preparation of adhesive of ham and sausage in the ratio of 10% potassium pyrophosphate, 10% Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate, 30% potassium polyphosphate, 30% sodium polyphosphate and 20% sodium metaphosphate.
Potassium pyrophosphate is commonly used for preventing the generation of struvite in canned fish, preventing the discoloration of canned fruit, increasing the swelling degree of ice cream, the extracting amount of the raw materials of coffee as well as the yield of ham and sausage, enhancing the water holding capacity of fish, improving the taste and yield of noodles, and preventing the aging of cheese.
In order to strengthen and smooth the plating layer, the formulation of industrial production of the plating solution is often very complicated.
It is previously often applied to cyanide as the complexing agent cyanide for preparing plating solution.
However, because of the high toxicity of CN-, it does severe harm to the health of electroplating worker.
Moreover, the discharge of CN-of sewage, waste gas also seriously contaminates the environment.
So it is currently mainly applied of non-cyanide plating with the complexing agent replacing cyanide being potassium pyrophosphate.

Potassium pyrophosphate has all the properties of other polymeric phosphate and is also similar with Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate but with a larger solubility and being able to have chelation reaction with the metal ions in alkaline soil and heavy metal ion; It can also form complex with the Ca2 +, Mg2 + in harden water thereby softening the hard water, improving washing ability as well as removing dirt.
It can also form a protective film in the surface of metals such as iron, lead, zinc, and aluminum; the pyrophosphate ion (P2O74-) has a strong dispersing capability on the fine and dispersive solids, thus promoting the homogeneous mixing of fine, trace substances.
High purity, low iron-type potassium pyrophosphate has a stable pH buffering capacity with ability of long-term maintenance of pH value of the solution.

Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP) is in the form of colourless or white crystals, or a white crystalline or granular powder.
It is a hydroscopic solid, soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol.
TKPP has a higher solubility in water treatment formulations than sodium derivatives.
Applications:

Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate Application in COSMETICS
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is classifed as a buffering, chelating and oral care agent.
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is the “tartar control” agent which removes calcium and magnesium from the saliva, so they can not deposit on the teeth.
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is mainly used in toothpastes and mouthwash formulations.

Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate Application in PAINTS
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is used as an anionic dispersant in water-based (latex) paints.
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate removes a small amount of Fe 3 + in order to improve the quality of dyeing.

Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate Application in HOUSEHOLD DETERGENTS
TKPP is a soap and detergent builder.
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is a water softener and an emulsifier to suspend oils and prevent them from redepositing on clothing in the wash.
As a water softener, Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate combines with magnesium to sequester it from the detergent, without precipitating it onto the clothing.
As a detergent additive, Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate can also “reactivate” detergents or soaps that have combined with calcium to make an insoluble scum.
Because of the eutrophication of water Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is seldom used as a detergent additive.

Other uses: Applications in boiler descaling, mining of ore and clay, synthetic rubber production, oil-drilling muds, fabric printing.
Texturizer, metal cleaner, sequestering agent, tissue modifier, chelating agent in non-cyanide electroplating, dispersion agent for ceramic, clay, latex and pigments and stabilizer in bleaching leather products.

Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate is mainly for applied to non-cyanide electroplating for being used as the complexing agent for replacement of sodium cyanide.
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate is also be used as a plating pretreatment agent and pyrophosphate plating solution.
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate can be used as the components for formulation of clothing detergent, metal surface cleaning agent and bottle detergent as well as the additive used in various kinds of detergents.
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate can also be used as the clay dispersant in the field of the ceramic industry, the dispersant and buffer for pigment and dye.
Bleaching and dyeing industry can use Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate for the removal of the small amount of ferric ion in water for improving the quality of dyeing.
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate finds use in non-cyanide electroplating, dyeing, refining clay and other.
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate can be used as analysis agent, the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide as well as the filler of soap.
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate is used as an emulsifier, texturizing agent, and chelating agent in the food industry.
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate can also be used as the raw material for preparation of pasta-purpose alkaline water.
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate is commonly used for preventing the generation of struvite in canned fish, preventing the discoloration of canned fruit, increasing the swelling degree of ice cream, the extracting amount of the raw materials of coffee as well as the yield of ham and sausage, enhancing the water holding capacity of fish, improving the taste and yield of noodles, and preventing the aging of cheese.

Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is used for liquid cleaners and metal treatment.

Production method of Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate

1. The neutralization and calcination method( the ratio of usage amount of raw materials is 1 mol of phosphate and 2 mol of potassium hydroxide):
add 30% food-grade phosphoric acid into the neutralizer and the slowly stir and add food grade potassium hydroxide solution for neutralizing reaction for which the pH is suitable for maintained at 8.4;
Heat the solution after the completion of the reaction and further add active carbon for decolorization;
filter to remove the insoluble matters and the clarified filtrate was further heated to 120~124 ℃ for evaporative concentration;
the precipitate will be separated out after cooling to below 20 ℃;
centrifuge for separation to obtain trihydrate-di-potassium phosphate and heat to 120~130 ℃ for removing crystal water to generate anhydrous di-potassium hydrogen phosphate;
add it to a calciner for being calcined at 500~600 ℃ for polymerization and the edible potassium pyrophosphate is obtained after cooling.

The reaction process is as following:
H3PO4 + 2KOH → K2HPO4 + 2H2O
2K2HPO4 [△] → K4P2O7 + H2O
Have the resulting finished products of potassium pyrophosphate reacted with 0.1 mol/L silver nitrate, and when the reaction solution yields no orthophosphate precipitate of yellow color, the product is qualified.

2. Put 203 kg of potassium hydroxide into the dissolving tank; add water to generate a 48% aqueous potassium hydroxide solution.
Put it into the kettle and stir and slowly add drop wise of 85% phosphoric acid for salting reaction.
When the added phosphoric acid reaches 100 kg, take one drop of liquid material and add to the white porcelain plate; further add 1 drop of water for dilution and measure the pH using accurate test paper.
Stop dropping phosphoric acid when the pH reaches 8.5 to 9.0.
Continue for stirring for 0.5 h, stand, and remove the impurities by filtration.
The filtrate was then transferred to vaporize pan for concentration; after reaching the glue dry state, it was further transferred to a coking furnace and subject to coking process at 550~650 ℃.
After 2 to 3 hour of coking, sampling for measuring the end point (check with 1% silver nitrate solution to until no yellow silver orthophosphate appears).
After the completion of the reaction, cool, crystallize to obtain the finished products.

TKPP, also known as normal potassium pyrophosphate, Diphosphoric acid or Tetrapotassium salt, is a potassium salt with the formula K4P2O7.
The CAS registry number for TKPP is 7320-34-5.
TKPP is typically 18.7% phosphorus and 47.3% potassium.
It is generally greater than or equal to 43.0% P2O5 content.
TKPP is classified under heading 2835.39.1000, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS).

Chemical formula: K4P2O7

Molecular weight: 330.34

Properties: White powder or granular in appearance. Moisture absorbing, soluble in water but insoluble in ethanol.

Usage: Used as an emulsifier, chelating agent and for organization

Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate or TKPP is a hygroscopic solid that is a white or colorless crystalline, that can be produced as a granular or a crystalline powder. TKPP is an odorless substance that is soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol. TKPP is commonly used as an emulsifier and has great chelating capabilities. Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate or TKPP has a wide range of uses and applications.

(A)Technical Grade for industrial use, water treatment, enzyme process, several animal feed, buffering agents in several pharmaceutical process, higher agriculture grade fertilizers, and other uses, as well as we manufacture
(B) Pure grade which successfully qualify to all pharmaceutical, AR, Indian Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia, United States Pharmacopoeia, Food, Animal Feed, Seafood and laboratory reagent grade standards. This is to meet all the standards of quality in any grade required by customer.

Applications:

Buffering Agents
Food Additive
Chelants
Coatings
Water Treatment
Detergents & Cleaners
Emulsifiers

Origin (s): Synthetic
INCI name: TETRAPOTASSIUM PYROPHOSPHATE
N ° EINECS / ELINCS: 230-785-7
Its functions (INCI)
PH regulator: Stabilizes the pH of cosmetics
Chelating agent: Reacts and forms complexes with metal ions which could affect the stability and / or appearance of cosmetics
Oral hygiene agent: Provides cosmetic effects to the oral cavity (cleaning, deodorization and protection)
This ingredient is present in 0.13% of cosmetics.
Adult toothpaste (7.28%)
Mouthwash (5.82%)

Reactivity Profile
Salts, basic, such as POTASSIUM TETRAPYRO PHOSPHATE, are generally soluble in water.
The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydroxide ions and have pH’s greater than 7.0.
They react as bases to neutralize acids.
These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of the bases in reactivity group 10 (Bases) and the neutralization of amines.
They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible.

Paints & Coatings
Polyphosphates are used extensively for their diverse functionality in water based paints and coatings.
Their main applications are in the wetting of pigments and fillers, the breaking down of agglomerates and the stabilization of the pigment suspension.
In water based latex paints, polyphosphates serve as sequestrants, leveling agents and pigment dispersants.
Polyphosphates such as TetraTetrapotassium Pyrophosphate (TSPP) and Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate (TKPP) aid in the wetting and even dispersion of pigments.
Potassium Tripolyphosphate (KTPP), Sodium Potassium Tripolyphosphate (SKTP) and TKPP function as deflocculants, yielding paints with stable viscosities.
Zinc oxide is sometimes added to paint formulations as a mildewcide.
If used, it is important to add a polyphosphate to the formulation to prevent gelling.
Paper coatings (fillers) are used to prepare high quality paper which reduces the bleeding of ink and increases the brightness and opacity of the paper.
Sodium Hexametaphosphate (SHMP), TetraTetrapotassium Pyrophosphate (TSPP) and Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP) are commonly used as kaolin clay deflocculants for the production of these paper coatings. Kaolin is the predominant pigment used in coatings and the chemical deflocculation or dispersion via polyphosphates is an important part of their production process.
The use of polyphosphates results in stable and controlled viscosity.

I&I mechanical dishwash operations are characterized by short cycles and high temperatures.
Very aggressive alkaline cleaning systems are essential to achieve the complete removal of food residues.
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP) offers excellent stability and performance in this application.

Diphosphoric acid, potassium salt (1:4)
Diphosphoric acid, tetrapotassium salt
Potassium diphosphate
Potassium pyrophosphate
Pyrophosphoric acid, tetrapotassium salt
Tetrapotassium diphosphate
Tetrapotassium diphosphorate
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate

EC Inventory
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate
tetrapotassium pyrophosphate
TKPP

CAS names: Diphosphoric acid, potassium salt (1:4)
IUPAC names: DIPHOSPHORIC ACID, TETRAPOTASSIUM SALT
Diphosphoric acid, tetrapotassium salt
K4-diphosphat
Potassium pyrophosphate
potassium pyrophosphate
Pyrophosphoric acid, tetrapotassium salt
Tetra Potassium Pyrophosphate
tetrapotassium (phosphonatooxy)phosphonate
tetrapotassium (phosphonooxy)phosphonate
tetrapotassium diphosphate
Tetrapotassium Phosphonato Phosphate
Tetrapotassium phosphonato phosphate
tetrapotassium phosphonato phosphate
TETRAPOTASSIUM PYROPHOSPHATE
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate
tetrapotassium pyrophosphate
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate
tetrapotassium pyrophosphate
TetraTetrapotassium Pyrophosphate
TKPP – Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate

Trade names
KALIPOL
Prayphos TKPP TG
Prayphos TKPP TG Gr
TETRAKAL
Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate
TKPP

TEST METHOD OF ASSAY
Dissolve about 600 mg of the sample, accurately weighed, in 100 ml of water in 400-ml beaker, and adjust the pH of the solution to exactly 3.8 with hydrochloric acid, using a pH meter.
Add 50 ml of a 1 in 8 solution of zinc sulfate (125 g of ZnSO4 · 7H2O dissolved in water, diluted to 1000 ml, filtered, and adjusted to pH 3.8) and allow to stand for 2 min.
Titrate the liberated acid with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide until a pH of 3.8 is again reached.
After each addition of sodium hydroxide near the end-point, time should be allowed for any precipitated zinc hydroxide to redissolve.
Each ml of 0.1 N sodium hydroxide is equivalent to 16.52 mg of K4P2O7.

TKPP Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate is a highly soluble, more environmentally friendly, low sodium alternative to SAPP. It is used as a replacement to Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) due to its low sodium content, where LWD is the preferred method of disposal.

For water treatment, as TKPP is potassium phosphate, it has higher water solubility compared to the corresponding sodium salts. It can be used both as a shale inhibitor and a corrosive inhibitor. So for activities where solids build-up is to be avoided, such as water systems. TKPP can be used along with other products for these systems.

TKPP’s main oil drilling application is for dispersing mud rings when water drilling and as a rapid thinner before cementing casing.

In water well applications, typically add one viscosity cup full of TKPP directly down the drill pipe on each connection. In the instances where there are areas with highly reactive clays, it is recommended to bring in a qualified individual to advise on any increased treatments that may be required. When using to thin the mud before cementing, mix as needed into the circulating mud system.

Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate, Anhydrous (TKPP) Granular is a hygroscopic, white granule. It is used for its properties as a buffering agent, dispersing agent, protein modifier, coagulant, sequestrate, and mineral supplement.

TKPP can also be used as a soap and detergent builder. It is also a water softener and combines magnesium to sequester it from detergents. TKPP can reactivate detergents or soaps that have combined calcium to make insoluble scum.

Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate, Anhydrous (TKPP) Powder is a hygroscopic, white, powder.
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate is used for its properties as a buffering agent, dispersing agent, protein modifier, coagulant, sequestrant, and mineral supplement.
In pet food, TKPP is used to modify proteins enabling them to solubilize and retain moisture during storage.
TKPP also increases shelf life of products by sequestering multivalent cations responsible for lipid oxidation and rancidity development.
TKPP helps to buffer the pH of the cheese and interacts with the milk protein to promote emulsification.

In flavored milk powders, liquid TKPP can be added to the wet ingredient mix prior to spray drying.
TKPP will stabilize and disperse the proteins during drying. In addition the use of TKPP will improve the overall viscosity, smoothness, and flavor of the final beverage.
In meat processing, this product enhances moisture retention without increasing sodium content.

Potassium pyrophosphate is used as an emulsifier, chelating agent and for organizational improvement in detergents, paint ingredients.
Potassium pyrophosphate can be a dispersant, buffering agent, emulsifier

Synonyms:
    diphosphoric acid potassium salt (1:4)
    potassium diphosphate
    potassium pyrophosphate
    pyrophosphoric acid tetrapotassium salt
    tetrapotassium phosphonato phosphate
    tetrapotassium pyrophosphate

Industrial / professional uses:

– Use as raw material and process aid in chemical synthesis and as a laboratory agent
– Use of TKPP and products containing TKPP for treatment and finishing of metals (exposure scenario
– Leather and textiles manufacturing and treatment with products containing TKPP
– Use of TKPP and products containing TKPP for water and wastewater treatment
– Industrial and professional use of washing and cleaning products containing TKPP
– Application in oil well and other drilling fluid applications, liquefying and conditioning earths, mud, clays
– Professional use of TKPP and products and materials containing TKPP in ceramic manufacture and construction and building work
– Professional use of TKPP and products containing TKPP in fertiliser products

Consumer uses:
– Use of TKPP and products and materials containing TKPP in ceramic manufacture and construction and building work
– Consumer use of TKPP and products containing TKPP in fertiliser products
– Consumer use of detergents
– Consumer use of cosmetics, toothpaste and other products containing TKPP
– Use in food, animal feeds, medical and pharmaceutical products containing TKPP

Description
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate, also called TetraTetrapotassium Pyrophosphate or TSPP is used in the laboratory as a buffering agent.
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate has been shown to be useful in the preparation of an EDTA-Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate extraction buffer for microcystin analysis of soil samples.
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate is an odorless, white powder or granules.
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate is used in water softener, buffering agent, thickening agent, dispersing agent, wool de-fatting agent, metal cleaner, soap and synthetic detergent builder, general sequestering agent, in electrodeposition of metals.
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate also acts as a tartar control agent in toothpaste and dental floss.
In addition, it is used as a chelating agent in antimicrobial studies.
It is also used as a food additive in common foods such as chicken nuggets, crab meat and canned tuna.

Chemical Properties
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate is a white crystalline powder or colourless crystals with the formula Na4P2O7. It contains the pyrophosphate ion and sodium cation.
Toxicity is approximately twice that of table salt when ingested orally.
There is also a hydrated form, Na4P2O7.10H2O.
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate is used as a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, and a thickening agent, and is often used as a food additive.
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate is widely used as an emulsifying salt (ES) in process cheese.
Common foods containing Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate include chicken nuggets, marshmallows, pudding, crab meat, imitation crab, canned tuna, and soy-based meat alternatives and cat foods and cat treats where it is used as a palatability enhancer.
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate is the active ingredient in Bakewell, the substitute for baking powder’s acid component marketed during shortages in World War II.
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate is also used in some common baking powders.

Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate is a coagulant, emulsifier, and sequestrant that is mildly alkaline, with a ph of 10.
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate is moderately soluble in water, with a solubility of 0.8 g/100 ml at 25°c. it is used as a coagulant in noncooked instant puddings to provide thickening.
it functions in cheese to reduce the meltability and fat separa- tion. it is used as a dispersant in malted milk and chocolate drink powders.
it prevents crystal formation in tuna.
it is also termed Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, and tspp.

Uses
Pharmaceutic aid.
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7) is a non-toxic and biocompatible compound used as an electroactive media for exfoliation of the surface coating.
It is also be used as an additive in the food industry.
Na4P2O7 can be used as an inorganic additive to improve the stability and electrochemical performance of redox flow batteries.

Uses
As a water softener; as a metal cleaner; as a dispersing and emulsifying agent.

Preparation
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate is formed when pure disodium hydrogen orthophosphate is heated to 500℃ for 5 hours.
The product will contain better than 98 per cent Na4P2O7.
Crystalline masses large enough for optical measurements are produced by heating in platinum to above the melting point of the tetraTetrapotassium Pyrophosphate, 800°, and cooling slowly.
Higher temperatures or longer heating times do not change the tetraTetrapotassium Pyrophosphate, as this is the final product in the dehydration of disodium hydrogen orthophosphate.

General Description
Odorless, white powder or granules. Mp: 995°C. Density: 2.53 g cm-3. Solubility in water: 3.16 g / 100 mL (cold water); 40.26 g / 100 mL boiling water.
Used as a wool de-fatting agent, in bleaching operations, as a food additive.
The related substance Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate decahydrate (Na4P2O7 0H2O) occurs as colorless transparent crystals. Loses its water when heated to 93.8°C.

Reactivity Profile
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate is basic. Reacts exothermically with acids. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Decomposes in ethyl alcohol.

Hazard
Toxic by inhalation.

Health Hazard
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate (TKPP) is of low toxicity, but the dust may be irritating to the eyes, upper respiratory tract, and skin.
Mild to moderate skin and eye irritation have occurred with acute exposure to the dust.

Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, intravenous, and subcutaneous routes. It is not a cholinesterase inhibitor.
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of POx and Na2O.
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials
Food grade phosphoric acid Sieve plate N-(Isoxazol-5-yl)sulphanilamide Phosphoric acid Sodium hydroxide Sodium carbonate
Preparation Products
Ferric pyrophosphate FERRIC PYROPHOSPHATE Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate decahydrate Copper pyrophosphate

Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate, TKPP, Potassium Pyrophosphate, Tetrapotassium diphosphate, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, tetrapotassium salt of diphosphoric acid, hygroscopic, white, coarse size granular material. Technical Grade.
Used as soap and detergent builder, sequestering agent, Peptizing and dispersing agent, Potable water treatment, emulsifier of oils and greases, Deflocculant in drilling muds, buffer and sequestrant.

TETRAPOTASSIUM PYROPHOSPHATE

TETRAPOTASSIUM PYROPHOSPHATE

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