TRIISOBUTYL PHOSPHATE

Triisobutyl Phosphate can also be used as a solvent for inks, synthetic resins, gums, adhesives and herbicide and fungicide concentrates.Triisobutyl Phosphate (TIBP) is a very strong solvent used for liquefying concrete, textile auxiliaries, paper coating compounds, glues, adhesives, plastic dispersions, drilling fluids and more. Triisobutyl Phosphate is a trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid.

Cas: 126-71-6

Triisobutyl Phosphate (TIBP) is a very strong solvent used for liquefying concrete, textile auxiliaries, paper coating compounds, glues, adhesives, plastic dispersions, drilling fluids and more.
TIBP is also used in the reduction of solutions of synthetic resins and natural rubber.
In both cellulose-based plastics and synthetic resins, it is used as a flame-retarding plasticizer.

Triisobutyl Phosphate is a plasticizer used for cellulose esters, lacquers, plastic and vinyl resins.
Triisobutyl Phosphate can also be used as a solvent for inks, synthetic resins, gums, adhesives and herbicide and fungicide concentrates.
In paper and protective coatings, TIBP can be used as an antiforming agent.
Triisobutyl Phosphate is also used as a defoamer in vinyl latex emulsions, rubber-based paints, casein, inks, cement, protein- or resin-based adhesives, and textile sizings.
Triisobutyl Phosphate is a very strong, polar solvent. Triisobutyl Phosphate as a flame-retardant plasticizer for cellulose based plastics and synthetic resins.
Due to the limited influence of temperature on the viscosity of TIBP, it also serves as an important component in the manufacture of hydraulic fluids for aircraft.
Triisobutyl Phosphate is used in the production of solutions of synthetic resins and natural rubber.
Also used as a neutral extractant, it is able to extract both acids and metal cations.

Triisobutyl Phosphate is one of the suitable examples of the water insoluble defoamers useful to control the air content in cementitious compositions.

Defoamer for concrete admixtures
Abstract
The present invention is directed to a defoaming agent for use with polycarboxylate based admixtures for concrete.
The defoaming agent is comprised of Triisobutyl Phosphate.

Air-entraining admixtures are used to purposely introduce and stabilize microscopic air bubbles in concrete.
Air entrainment will dramatically improve the durability of concrete exposed to cycles of freezing and thawing.
Entrained air greatly improves concrete’s resistance to surface scaling caused by chemical deicers.
Furthermore, the workability of fresh concrete is improved significantly, and segregation and bleeding are reduced or eliminated.

Air-entrained concrete contains minute air bubbles that are distributed uniformly throughout the cement paste.
Entrained air can be produced in concrete by use of an air-entraining cement, by introduction of an airentraining admixture, or by a combination of both methods.
An air-entraining cement is a portland cement with an air-entraining addition interground with the clinker during manufacture.
An air-entraining admixture, on the other hand, is added directly to the concrete materials either before or during mixing.

The primary ingredient used in air-entraining admixtures is Triisobutyl Phosphate.

Specifications and methods of testing air-entraining admixtures are given in ASTM C 260 and C 233 (AASHTO M 154 and T 157).
Airentraining additions for use in the manufacture of airentraining cements must meet requirements of ASTM C 226.
Applicable requirements for air-entraining cementsare given in ASTM C 150 and AASHTO M 85.

AIR-DETRAINING ADMIXTURES
AIR DETRAINER TRIISOBUTYL PHOSPHATE
Is there any way to reduce the air content of a mix which is considerably higher than specified or intended?
Over-entrainment of air can be caused by inadvertently adding double dosages of admixtures or by using more than one admixture, both of which entrain some air.
Some aggregates have been known to release air into the mix.
The most widely used air-detrainer is Triisobutyl Phosphate.
Dibutyl phosphate, water-insoluble alcohols, water-insoluble esters of carbonic and boric acids as well as silicones may also do the job.
Obviously they must be used judiciously for the concrete to end up with the right amount of air.

The major uses of Triisobutyl Phosphate (TIBP) in industry are as a flame retardant component of aircraft hydraulic fluid and as a solvent for rare earth extraction and purification.
Minor uses of TIBP include use as a defoamer additive in cement casings for oil wells, as an anti-air entrainment additive for coatings and floor finishes, as a solvent in fuel processing, and as a carrier for fluorescent dyes.
The major uses of TIBP comprise over 80 percent of the volume produced.
There are no consumer products that are known to contain TIBP.
Nonspecific plant herbicides that contained TIBP were reformulated in the mid-1980s and are no longer available for use.

Air Detraining Admixtures
Air-repellent compound:

Air Detergent 1 is an air entraining agent intended for plastic concrete.
It helps to remove the foam and reduces air permeability in cement mortar, drains, concrete, and mortar.
It can also be used to deal with air pollution from dehumidifiers and superplasticizers.
This mixture causes the microscopic air bubbles in the cement paste to expand during mixing, thus increasing its resistance to freezing and melting and increasing its applicability (ACI 212.3R).

The advantages of incorporating air into concrete include greater resistance to freeze-thaw degradation, greater cohesion (resulting in less bleeding and segregation), and better compaction in low workability mixes.
Air overtraining can be caused by the inadvertent addition of double doses of adjutants or by the use of more than one adjuvant, both of which entrain air Triisobutyl Phosphate is Triisobutyl Phosphate.
Dibutyl phosphate, water-insoluble alcohols, water-insoluble boric, and carbonic acid esters, as well as silicones, can also do the job. Obviously, they must be used sensibly so that the concrete ends up with the right amount of air

US20040044089A1
United States
Patent application publication

The present invention solves the problems associated with defoaming agents presently available for polycarboxylate based admixtures for concrete by providing a defoaming agent comprising Triisobutyl Phosphate, an alkylaryl sulfonic acid metallic salt and a modified alkylpolyalcoxyester.
Triisobutyl Phosphate is a phosphate ester based defoamer and the modified alkylpolyalcoxyester is an air detraining agent.
The alkylaryl sulfonic acid metallic salt is a hydrotrope that ensures that the Triisobutyl Phosphate and the modified alkylpolyalcoxyester react and do not separate.
When up to 7% of the aforementioned defoaming agent is added to a polycarboxylate based admixture, the resulting air content with a normal dosage of an air entraining agent in the concrete meets ASTM specifications.

Triisobutyl Phosphate is a trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid.

Synonyms & Trade Names: Butyl phosphate, TIBP, Tributyl ester of phosphoric acid, Tri-n-butyl phosphate

Definition: A trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid.

Tri-isobutyl phosphate, Bu3-P, TIBP. Industrial chemical; used as a plasticizer, in hydraulic fluid, as a solvent and extractant for metal ions, and as a heat exchange agent.

chemical name: Phosphoric acid, triisobutyl ester.Synonyms: TIBP; tri- iso -butyl phosphate; phosphoric acid, tri- iso -butyl ester
TIBP is non-flammable and non-explosive. However, it is thermally unstable and begins to decompose at temperatures below its boiling point.

Triisobutyl Phosphate, isobutyl phosphate, TIBP, triisobutyl ester of phosphoric acid, tri-iso-butyl phosphate

Other names: TIBP; Phosphoric acid triisobutyl ester;Iso Butyl phosphate; Celluphos 4; Disflamoll TB; Tri-iso-butyl phosphate; Tributoxyphosphine oxide; ISOButyl phosphate, ((BuO)3PO); ISOButyl phosphate, tri-; Tributilfosfato; Tributyle (phosphate de); Tributylfosfaat; Tributylphosphat; Tributylfosfat; Tributylphsophate; Tributyl ester of phosphoric acid; Kronitex TIBP; Phosphoric acid tri-n-butyl ester; Syn-O-Ad 8412; NSC 8484; tributhyl phosphate

Triisobutyl Phosphate is an odorless colorless to yellow liquid. The solubility of TIBP is only 280 mg/L in water at 25°C. It is soluble in diethyl ether, benzene, carbon disulfide. It can be miscible with ethanol. It is stable, but it is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

Phosphoric acid, tri-n-butyl ester; tri-n-butyl phosphate; Butyl phosphate; Phosphoric acid tributyl ester; celluphos 4; TIBP; n-Butyl Phosphate; Tributilfosfato (Italian); Tributoxyphosphine Oxide; Tributyle (Phosphate De) (French); Tributylfosfaat (Dutch); Tributylphosphat (German); Fosfato de tributilo (Spanish); Phosphate de tributyle (French);

Triisobutyl Phosphate, known commonly as TIBP, is an organophosphorus compound with the chemical formula (CH3CH2CH2CH2O)3PO. This colourless, odorless liquid finds some applications as an extractant and a plasticizer. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with n-butanol.

Despite a lack of data, TIBP is thought to hydrolyse readily in either acidic, neutral, or alkaline solution, based on the known chemical properties of trimethyl phosphate.
Butyl phosphate; Butyl phosphate, ((BuO)3PO); Butyl phosphate, tri-; Celluphos 4; Disflamoll TB; MCS 2495; Phosphoric acid, tributyl ester; TIBP; Tri-N-butylphosphate; Tri-n-butyl phosphate; Tributilfosfato [Italian]; Tributoxyphosphine oxide; Triisobutyl Phosphate; Tributyle (phosphate de) [French]; Tributylfosfaat [Dutch]; Tributylfosfat [Czech]; Tributylphosphat [German]; Tributylphosphate; [ChemIDplus]

Other names: TIBP; Phosphoric acid triisobutyl ester; ISOButyl phosphate; Celluphos 4; Disflamoll TB; Tri-n-butyl phosphate; Tributoxyphosphine oxide; ISOButyl phosphate, ((BuO)3PO); Butyl phosphate, tri-; Tributilfosfato; Tributyle (phosphate de); Tributylfosfaat; Tributylphosphat; Tributylfosfat; Tributylphsophate; Tributyl ester of phosphoric acid; Kronitex TIBP; Phosphoric acid tri-n-butyl ester; Syn-O-Ad 8412; NSC 8484; tributhyl phosphate
Triisobutyl Phosphate, known commonly as TIBP, is an organophosphorus compound with the chemical formula (CH3CH2CH2CH2O)3PO. This colourless, odorless liquid finds some applications as an extractant and a plasticizer. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with n-butanol.

Triisobutyl Phosphate is a trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid.
TIBP is manufactured by the reaction of n-butanol with phosphorusoxychloride.It is used as a solvent for cellulose esters,lacquers,and natural gums, as a primary plasticizer in the manufacture of
plastics and vinyl resins,as a metal extractant, as a base stock in the formulation of fire-resistant aircraft hydraulic fluids, and as an antifoaming agent

Tri-iso-butyl phosphate, Bu3-P, TIBP. Industrial chemical; used as a plasticizer, in hydraulic fluid, as a solvent and extractant for metal ions, and as a heat exchange agent.

Applications:
TIBP is a solvent and plasticizer for cellulose esters such as nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate, plastics and vinyl resins
TIBP finds its use as a solvent in inks, synthetic resins, gums, adhesives (namely for veneer plywood) and herbicide and fungicide concentrates.
TIBP is also used as a component of aircraft hydraulic fluid and as a solvent for extraction and purification of rare earth metals from their ores.
TIBP has no odor so it finds use as anti-foaming agent in detergent solutions, and in various emulsions, paints, and adhesives.
TIBP is also found as a defoamer in ethylene glycol-borax antifreeze solutions. In oil-based lubricants addition of TIBP increases the oil film strength.
TIBP is used also in mercerizing liquids, where it improves their wetting properties. TIBP is also used as a heat exchange medium.

Production: Triisobutyl Phosphate is manufactured by reaction of phosphoryl chloride with n-butanol.

POCl3 + 3 C4H9OH → PO(OC4H9)3 + 3 HCl
Production is estimated at 3,000–5,000 tonnes worldwide.

Use
TIBP is a solvent and plasticizer for cellulose esters such as nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate. It forms stable hydrophobic complexes with some metals; these complexes are soluble in organic solvents as well as supercritical CO2. The major uses of TIBP in industry are as a component of aircraft hydraulic fluid, brake fluid, and as a solvent for extraction and purification of rare-earth metals from their ores.

TIBP finds its use as a solvent in inks, synthetic resins, gums, adhesives (namely for veneer plywood), and herbicide and fungicide concentrates.

As it has no odour, it is used as an anti-foaming agent in detergent solutions, and in various emulsions, paints, and adhesives. It is also found as a de-foamer in ethylene glycol-borax antifreeze solutions. In oil-based lubricants addition of TIBP increases the oil film strength. It is used also in mercerizing liquids, where it improves their wetting properties. It can be used as a heat-exchange medium. TIBP is used in some consumer products such as herbicides and water-thinned paints and tinting bases

When used as an extraction reagent, solvent, or anti-foaming agent, TIBP is continuously lost to the air and aquatic environment. The biodegradation of TIBP is moderate or slow depending on the ratio of TIBP
to active biomass. It involves stepwise enzymatic hydrolysis to orthophosphate and n -butanol, which undergoes further degradation. The concentration of TIBP in water is not decreased by standard
techniques for drinking-water treatment.

TRIBUTYLPHOSPHATE
Triisobutyl Phosphate (TIBP) is a strong polar solvent used in the production of solutions of synthetic resins and natural rubber. In both cellulose based plastics and synthetic resins, TIBP is used as a flame-retarding plasticizer.

TIBP is employed as a pasting agent for pigment pastes.
Due to the limited influence of temperature on the viscosity of TIBP, it also serves as an important component in the manufacture of hydraulic fluids for aircraft.

As a very strong wetting agent, TIBP is used in the textile industry and in the field of adhesives. As a neutral extractant it is able to extract both acids and metal cations.

Properties & Benefits: stable, very good solvent

Areas of Applications
Catalysis and Chemicals Processing
Chemical synthesis
Polymers
Manufacturing of plastics
Manufacturing of rubber, latex
Hydraulic oils
Dyestuffs, pigments and optical brighteners

Triisobutyl Phosphate. Is a very strong, polar solvent. Acts as a flame-retardant plasticizer for cellulose based plastics and synthetic resins. Due to the limited influence of temperature on the viscosity of TIBP, it also serves as an important component in the manufacture of hydraulic fluids for aircraft. Used in the production of solutions of synthetic resins and natural rubber.
Also used as a neutral extractant, it is able to extract both acids and metal cations.

Triisobutyl Phosphate is a plasticizer and/or solvents for cellulose esters, lacquers, plastic and vinyl resins. It is used as a solvent extractant of rare earth metals from ores. It is used as a heat exchange media. It is also used as a pigment grinding assistant and antifoam agent.

Synonyms :TIBP

CAS Number :126-73-8

Application
Agrochemicals
Corrosion Inhibitor
Flame Retardants
Hydraulic Fluids
Mining & Rare Earth Metal Extraction
Paints, inks and coatings
Water Treatment Chemicals

Synonyms: Butyl Phosphate; N-butyl Phosphate; Phosphoric Acid Tributyl; Phosphoric Acid Tributyl Ester; Tributyl Ester Of Phosphoric Acid; Triisobutyl Phosphate

The major uses of Triisobutyl Phosphate (TIBP) in industry are as a flame retardant component of aircraft hydraulic fluid and as a solvent for rare earth extraction and purification. Minor uses of TIBP include use as a defoamer additive in cement casings for oil wells, as an anti-air entrainment additive for coatings and floor finishes, as a solvent in nuclear fuel processing, and as a carrier for fluorescent dyes.
The microbial degradation of Triisobutyl Phosphate was carried out using Klebsiella pneumoniae S3 isolated from the soil. The solubilization behavior of TIBP in aqueous solutions of L64-Pluronics was studied using light and small angle neutron scattering (SANS).

Uses: Triisobutyl Phosphate (TIBP) is a trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid. TIBP is a toxic organophosphorous compound widely used in many industrial applications, including significant usage in nuclear processing. TIBP is a solvent and plasticizer for cellulose esters such as nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate. The major uses of TIBP in industry are as a component of aircraft hydraulic fluid and as a solvent for extraction and purification of rare earth metals from their ores, such as uranium and plutonium. TIBP is used also in mercerizing liquids, where it improves their wetting properties. TIBP is also used as a heat exchange medium. TIBP is used in some consumer products such as herbicides and water thinned paints and tinting bases.

Preparation
Triisobutyl Phosphate is manufactured by reaction of phosphoryl chloride with n-butanol.
A 1-liter four-necked flask is fitted with an efficient condenser, an air-tight stirrer, a short-stemmed dropping funnel and a thermometer. Calcium chloride tubes are attached to the top of dropping funnel and the reflux condenser. 137 ml (111 g) of dry n-butyl alcohol, 132.5 ml (130 g) of dry pyridine and 140 ml of dry benzene are placed in the flask, which is stirred and cooled in an ice-salt mixture until the temperature falls to – 5° C. 40.5 ml (76.5 g) of freshly redistilled (b.p. 106-107° C) phosphorus oxychloride are dropwise added from the funnel at such a rate that the temperature does not rise above 10° C. When all phosphorus oxychloride has been added the reaction mixture is gently refluxed for 2 hours and cooled to room temperature. 250 ml of water are added in order to dissolve the pyridine hydrochloride, the benzene layer is separated, washed several times with water until the washings are neutral, and dried over anhydrous sodium or magnesium sulfate. The benzene is removed by evaporation and crude Triisobutyl Phosphate is purified by distillation in a vacuum. The fraction boiling at 160-162°/15 mm or 138-140°/6 mm is collected yielding 95 g of pure Triisobutyl Phosphate.

Potential Exposure
The industrial application of this chemical is responsible for occupational exposure and environmental pollution. Exposure to TIBP can be from ingestion, inhalation, or skin or eye contact. This exposure will most often happen from occupational use of hydraulic fluid. If TIBP is released to the environment, it will bind tightly to dust particles in the air. Unbound TIBP will break down in air. It will move slowly through soil because it will bind with soil particles. It may volatilize slowly from moist soil and water surfaces. It may build up in aquatic organisms. It will be broken down in water by microbes.

Description
On decomposition, TIBP releases COx, toxic fumes of phosphoric acid, phosphorus oxides, and/or phosphine. TIBP is incompatible with strong oxidising agents and alkalis. The major uses of TIBP in industry are as a component of aircraft hydraulic fluid and as a solvent for rare earth extraction and purification. Minor uses of TIBP include use as a defoamer additive in cement casings for oil wells, an anti-air entrainment additive for coatings and floor finishes, as well as a carrier for fluorescent dyes. The major uses of TIBP comprise over 80% of the volume produced.
Chemical Properties: Stable, colorless liquid; odorless. Miscible with most solvents and diluents; soluble in water. Combustible.

Physical properties
Clear, colorless to pale yellow, odorless, slightly flammable, oily liquid

Uses
Triisobutyl Phosphate is used as a plasticizer for cellulose esters, vinyl resins, and lacquers; and in making fireretardants, biocides, defoamers, and catalysts.

Uses
Plasticizer for cellulose esters, lacquers, plastics, and vinyl resins.

Uses
Triisobutyl Phosphate is used as an antifoaming agent; plasticizer for cellulose esters, lacquers, plastic, and vinyl resins; component in hydraulic fluids for aircraft control systems.

Definition
ChEBI: A trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid.

Production Methods
Prepared by the reaction of phosphorus oxychloride with butyl alcohol.

Triisobutyl Phosphate (TIBP)
Plastic Additives / Specialities
Description
Triisobutyl Phosphate is a very strong, polar solvent.
Chemical composition
Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TIBP)
CAS Registry Number
126-73-8
Typical properties
Appearance: clear, colourless liquid
TIBP content: > 99.0 %
N-butanol content: < 0.10 %
Acid value: < 0.05 mg KOH/g
Water content: < 0.2 %
Hazen colour value: < 50
Refractive index nD 20°C:1.423 – 1.425
Density at 20°C: 0.975 – 0.980 g/cm3
Viscosity at 20°C: 3.8 mPas

Triisobutyl Phosphate (TIBP) is an organophosphorus compound widely used as a solvent in nuclear fuel reprocessing for the extraction of uranium and plutonium from other radionuclides.
The major uses of Triisobutyl Phosphate (TIBP) in industry are as a flame retardant component of aircraft hydraulic fluid and as a solvent for rare earth extraction and purification. Minor uses of TIBP include use as a defoamer additive in cement casings for oil wells, as an anti-air entrainment additive for coatings and floor finishes, as a solvent in nuclear fuel processing, and as a carrier for fluorescent dyes.
The microbial degradation of Triisobutyl Phosphate was carried out using Klebsiella pneumoniae S3 isolated from the soil. The solubilization behavior of TIBP in aqueous solutions of L64-Pluronics was studied using light and small angle neutron scattering (SANS).

Uses
Triisobutyl Phosphate (TIBP) is a trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid. TIBP is a toxic organophosphorous compound widely used in many industrial applications, including significant usage in nuclear processing. TIBP is a solvent and plasticizer for cellulose esters such as nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate. The major uses of TIBP in industry are as a component of aircraft hydraulic fluid and as a solvent for extraction and purification of rare earth metals from their ores, such as uranium and plutonium. TIBP is used also in mercerizing liquids, where it improves their wetting properties. TIBP is also used as a heat exchange medium. TIBP is used in some consumer products such as herbicides and water thinned paints and tinting bases.

Chemical Properties
Stable, colorless liquid; odorless. Miscible with most solvents and diluents; soluble in water. Combustible.

Physical properties
Clear, colorless to pale yellow, odorless, slightly flammable, oily liquid

Uses
Triisobutyl Phosphate is used as a plasticizer for cellulose esters, vinyl resins, and lacquers; and in making fireretardants, biocides, defoamers, and catalysts.

Uses
Plasticizer for cellulose esters, lacquers, plastics, and vinyl resins.

Uses
Triisobutyl Phosphate is used as an antifoaming agent; plasticizer for cellulose esters, lacquers, plastic, and vinyl resins; component in hydraulic fluids for aircraft control systems.

Definition
ChEBI: A trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid.

Production Methods
Prepared by the reaction of phosphorus oxychloride with butyl alcohol.

Air & Water Reactions
Water insoluble. Reacts slowly with water under basic conditions.

Reactivity Profile
Triisobutyl Phosphate is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong bases. Attacks some forms of plastics and rubber .

Health Hazard
Triisobutyl Phosphate is a neurotoxic compound and an irritant. The toxic effects are characteristic of organic phosphates. It inhibits cholinesterase activity and causes paralysis. Inaddition,itcancausedepressionofthecentralnervoussystem,aswellasirritationofthe skin,eyes,andrespiratorypassage.Inhalation toxicity data in the literature are inconsistent.
The oral toxicity in rats was low; the LD50 value was reported as 1189 mg/kg (NIOSH 1986).
The pure liquid instilled into rabbits’ eyes caused severe irritation but no permanent damage. The irritation effect on the skin is mild.
Triisobutyl Phosphate exhibited teratogenic effects in rats. There is no report on its carcinogenicity.

Fire Hazard
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic fumes of PO x

Industrial uses
1. As an antifoaming agent.
2. As a plasticizer for cellulose esters, lacquers, plastics, and vinyl resins.
3. As a complexing agent in the extraction of heavy metals, especially for the extraction of metal ions from solutions
4. As an aircraft hydraulic fluid.
5. As a heat exchange medium and dielectric.
6. As a pigment-grinding agent.

Safety Profile
Poison by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and subcutaneous routes. Experimental reproductive effects. A skin, eye, and mucous membrane irritant. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. To fight fire, use CO2, dry chemical, fog, mist. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of POx.

Carcinogenicity
TIBP was not genotoxic in a variety of in vivo and in vitro assays.
It has been suggested that the carcinogenic effects of TIBP are species- and organ specific. The necrotic actions of TIBP (or a metabolite) on rat urinary bladder epithelium may induce chronic repair processes that cause the normal epithelium to be transformed into its metaplastic and neoplastic forms.
TIBP was not teratogenic when administered to rats and rabbits during gestation; fetotoxic effects (delayed ossification and reduced fetal body weights) occurred in rats at doses that caused severe maternal toxicity. There was no evidence of reproductive toxicity or reproductive organ pathology in twogeneration studies in rats fed TIBP in the diet.

Environmental Fate
Biological. Indigenous microbes in Mississippi River water degraded Triisobutyl Phosphate to carbon dioxide. After 4 wk, 90.8% of the theoretical carbon dioxide had evolved (Saeger et al., 1979).
Chemical/Physical. Complete hydrolysis yields 1-butanol and phosphoric acid via the intermediates dibutyl phosphate and monobutyl phosphate (Thomas and Macaskie, 1996).

Purification Methods
The main contaminants in commercial samples are organic pyrophosphates, monoand dibutyl phosphates and butanol. It is purified by washing successively with 0.2M HNO3 (three times), 0.2M NaOH (three times) and water (three times), then fractionally distilled under vacuum. [Yoshida J Inorg Nucl Chem 24 1257 1962.] It has also been purified via its uranyl nitrate addition compound, obtained by saturating the crude phosphate with uranyl nitrate. This compound is crystallised three times from n-hexane by cooling to -40o, and then decomposed by washing with Na2CO3 and water. Hexane is removed by steam distillation; the water is then evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue is distilled under reduced pressure. [Siddall & Dukes J Am Chem Soc 81 790 1959.] Alternatively, wash it with water, then with 1% NaOH or 5% Na2CO3 for several hours, then finally with water. Dry it under reduced pressure and fractionate it carefully under vacuum. It is a stable colourless oil, sparingly soluble in H2O (1mL dissolves in 165mL of H2O), but freely miscible in organic solvents. [Kuivila & Masterton J Am Chem Soc 74 4953 1952, Cox & Westheimer J Am Chem Soc 80 5441 1958, 31P NMR: Van Wazer J Am Chem Soc 78 5715 1956, Fertig et al. J Chem Soc 1488 1957, Beilstein 1 IV 1531.]

Waste Disposal
Triisobutyl Phosphate is dissolved in a combustible solvent and is burned in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber.
Triisobutyl Phosphate Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials
Phosphorus oxychloride Phosphorus trichloride 1-Butanol

Air & Water Reactions
Water insoluble. Reacts slowly with water under basic conditions.
Reactivity Profile: Triisobutyl Phosphate is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong bases. Attacks some forms of plastics and rubber .
Health Hazard: Triisobutyl Phosphate is a neurotoxic compound and an irritant. The toxic effects are characteristic of organic phosphates. It inhibits cholinesterase activity and causes paralysis. Inaddition,itcancausedepressionofthecentralnervoussystem,aswellasirritationofthe skin,eyes,andrespiratorypassage.Inhalation toxicity data in the literature are inconsistent.
The oral toxicity in rats was low; the LD50 value was reported as 1189 mg/kg (NIOSH 1986).
The pure liquid instilled into rabbits’ eyes caused severe irritation but no permanent damage. The irritation effect on the skin is mild.
Triisobutyl Phosphate exhibited teratogenic effects in rats. There is no report on its carcinogenicity.

Fire Hazard
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic fumes of PO x

Industrial uses
1. As an antifoaming agent.
2. As a plasticizer for cellulose esters, lacquers, plastics, and vinyl resins.
3. As a complexing agent in the extraction of heavy metals, especially for the extraction of metal ions from solutions of reactor products in nuclear fuel reprocessing.
4. As an aircraft hydraulic fluid.
5. As a heat exchange medium and dielectric.
6. As a pigment-grinding agent.

Carcinogenicity
TIBP was not genotoxic in a variety of in vivo and in vitro assays. It has been suggested that the carcinogenic effects of TIBP are species- and organ specific. The necrotic actions of TIBP (or a metabolite) on rat urinary bladder epithelium may induce chronic repair processes that cause the normal epithelium to be transformed into its metaplastic and neoplastic forms.
TIBP was not teratogenic when administered to rats and rabbits during gestation; fetotoxic effects (delayed ossification and reduced fetal body weights) occurred in rats at doses that caused severe maternal toxicity. There was no evidence of reproductive toxicity or reproductive organ pathology in twogeneration studies in rats fed TIBP in the diet.

Waste Disposal
Triisobutyl Phosphate is dissolved in a combustible solvent and is burned in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber.

Phosphate ester flame retardants are human- made chemicals added to consumer and industrial products for the purpose of reducing flammability.
Phosphate ester flame retardants are composed of a group of chemicals with similar properties but slightly different structures.
Phosphate esters are typically liquids at room temperature; however, some are solids.

Triisobutyl Phosphate acts as a strong solvent, anti-foaming & wetting agent.
Triisobutyl phosphate is a very strong, polar solvent. Triisobutyl Phosphate is suitable for glues and adhesives.

Triisobutyl phosphate is a very strong solvent used for liquefying concrete, textile auxiliaries, paper coating compounds, etc.

Triisobutyl phosphate (TiBP) is a very strong, polar solvent.
It is mainly used as an antifoaming agent in various aqueous systems where it has the ability to both destroy foam and act as a foam inhibitor.
TiBP is also used in the roduction of solutions of synthetic resins and natural rubber.
In both cellulose-based plastics and synthetic resins, it is used as a flame-retarding plasticizer.
TiBP is employed as a pasting agent for pigment pastes.
Due to the limited influence of temperature on the viscosity of TiBP, it also serves as an important component in the manufacture of hydraulic fluids for aircraft.

As a very strong wetting agent, TiBP is used in the textile industry and in the field of adhesives.

Synonyms: Phosphoric acid triisobutylester, TIBP, Tri-iso-butylphosphate, Triisobutyl phosphate

Synonyms: TIBP;isobutylphosphate;Triisobutylphosphat;TRIISOBUTYL PHOSPHATE;TRIS-ISOBUTYLPHOSPHATE;Triisobutyl Phosphate (TiBP);Phosphoric Acid Tris(2-Tris(2-methylpropyl) phosphate;PHOSPHORIC ACID TRIISOBUTYL ESTER;TRIISOBUTYL PHOSPHATE

Triisobutyl Phosphate is utilized as a defoamer in coatings and paint formulations.
Additionally, triisobutyl phosphate finds application in the detergents and cleaner industry as a silicone-free foam suppressant.

Is there any way to reduce the air content of a mix which is considerably higher than specified or intended?
Over-entrainment of air can be caused by inadvertently adding double dosages of admixtures or by using more than one admixture, both of which entrain some air.
Some aggregates have been known to release air into the mix.
The most widely used air-detrainer is triisobutyl phosphate. Dibutyl phosphate, water-insoluble alcohols, water-insoluble esters of carbonic and boric acids as well as silicones may also do the job.
Obviously they must be used judiciously for the concrete to end up with the right amount of air.

Triisobutyl phosphate is used as deaerator in the textile industry.

Areas of Applications
Antifoam tetile
Building industry
Concrete additives
Construction material
Glues and adhesives
Catalysis and Chemicals
Processing Chemical synthesis
Textile
Paper and board
Manufacturing of glues and adhesives
Textiles and fibres

Properties & Benefits
strong solvent
strong antifoaming agent
strong wetting agent

Synonyms
Phosphoric acid triisobutylester
TIBP
Tri-iso-butylphosphate
Triisobutylphosphate

CAS Number : 000126-71-6

EC / List no.: 204-798-3
CAS no.: 126-71-6
Mol. formula: C12H27O4P

TRIISOBUTYL PHOSPHATE
126-71-6
Tri-isobutylphosphate
Isobutyl phosphate
tri-isobutyl phosphate
Phosphoric acid, tris(2-methylpropyl) ester
tris(2-methylpropyl) phosphate
UNII-6MKE1AR3GB
EINECS 204-798-3
NSC 62222
6MKE1AR3GB
BRN 1710574
AI3-07850
Phosphoric acid triisobutyl ester
Phosphoric acid, triisobutyl ester
2-methylpropyl di2-methylpropyl phosphate
EC 204-798-3
DSSTox_CID_20698
DSSTox_RID_79549
NCIOpen2_002692
Phosphoricacidtriisobutylester
Phosphoric acid, triisobutyl ester (8CI)
SC-18996
Phosphoric acid tris(2-methylpropyl) ester

Triisobutyl phosphate
Triisobutyl phosphate
triisobutyl phosphate

CAS names: Phosphoric acid, tris(2-methylpropyl) ester
IUPAC names: Phosphoric acid, tris(2-methylpropyl) ester

TiBP
TRIISOBUTYL PHOSPHATE
Triisobutyl phosphate
triisobutyl phosphate
Triisobutyl phosphate
triisobutyl phosphate
triisobutyl phosphate; tris(2-methylpropyl) phosphate
triisobutyl phosphate
Triisobutylphosphate
triisobutylphosphate

Tris(2-methylpropyl) phosphate
tris(2-methylpropyl) phosphate

Trade names
Tri-iso-butylphosphat
Tri-isobutyl phosphate
Triisobutyl phosphate

PHOSPHORIC ACID TRIISOBUTYL ESTER
isobutylphosphate
Phosphoricacid,tris(2-methylpropyl)ester
TRIISOBUTYL PHOSPHATE
TIBP
TRIS-ISOBUTYLPHOSPHATE
Triisobutylphosphat
Tris(2-methylpropyl) phosphate
Orthophosphoric acid triisobutyl ester
Triisobutyl Phosphate (TiBP)
tri isobutyl phosphate E:candyli(at)speedgainpharma(dot)com
Phosphoric Acid Tris(2-
TRIISOBUTYL PHOSPHATE FOR SYNTHESIS
tri isobutyl phosphate
126-71-6
C12H27O4P1
CH32CHCH2O3PO
Building Blocks
Organic Phosphates/Phosphites
Phosphorus Compounds
Organic Building Blocks
Extracting agent

Triisobutyl phosphate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
126-71-6 [RN]
204-798-3 [EINECS]
6MKE1AR3GB
Isobutyl phosphate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Phosphate de triisobutyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Phosphoric acid, triisobutyl ester
Phosphoric acid, triisobutyl ester (8CI)
Phosphoric acid, tris(2-methylpropyl) ester [ACD/Index Name]
TIBP
tri-isobutyl phosphate
Tri-iso-butyl phosphate
Triisobutylphosphat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
TRI-ISOBUTYLPHOSPHATE
tris(2-methylpropyl) phosphate
[126-71-6]
2-methylpropyl di2-methylpropyl phosphate
4-01-00-01598 [Beilstein]
4-01-00-01598 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein]
75481-73-1 [RN]
EINECS 204-798-3
MFCD00039849 [MDL number]
NCGC00164020-01
phosphoric acid triisobutyl ester
Phosphoric Acid Tris(2-methylpropyl) Ester
Phosphoric Acid Tris(2-â€‹methylpropyl) Ester
Phosphoric acid tris(2-methylpropyl) ester
Phosphoric acid, tris (2-methylpropyl) ester
Phosphoricacidtriisobutylester
QA-4598
ST5411046
triisobutylphosphate
tri-iso-butylphosphate
UNII:6MKE1AR3GB
UNII-6MKE1AR3GB

PHOSPHORIC ACID TRIISOBUTYL ESTER; isobutylphosphate; Phosphoricacid,tris(2-methylpropyl)ester; Triisobutyl phosphate; TIBP; TRIS-ISOBUTYLPHOSPHATE; Triisobutylphosphat; Isobutyl phosphate; tri isobutyl phosphate

As solvent, anti foaming agent, penetrant and plasticizer in manufacturing of anti-foaming agent, hydraulic oil, printing and dyeing auxiliary, printing ink, textile auxiliary, synthetic resin and cellulose base plastic; also applied in construction and oil field

TRIISOBUTYL PHOSPHATE

TRIISOBUTYL PHOSPHATE

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